Antiandrogenic properties of parabens and other phenolic containing small molecules in personal care products

Chen, Jiangang; Ahn, Ki Chang; Gee, Nancy A.; Gee, Shirley J.; Hammock, Bruce D.; Lasley, Bill L.

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.03.015

Cited by 225 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Studies that rely on data with multiple variables offer an opportunity for multiple simultaneous hypothesis testing, which may increase efficiency, but presents a challenge with respect to proper interpretation of results. For example, data from in vitro assays and results of in vivo animal studies appear to be in disagreement on whether or not TCS is expected to exert androgenic or anti-androgenic activity (Foran et al 2000;Chen et al 2007;Kumar et al 2009;Witorsch 2014). Without strong a priori evidence, it may be reasonable to examine two competing hypotheses: (1) higher levels of TCS exposure are associated with higher levels of testosterone in humans and (2) TCS exposure is inversely related to testosterone concentrations.…”

Section: Consistency Of Methods Results and Reporting Across Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the literature on triclosan and health outcomes in humans

Goodman

Naiman

LaKind

2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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The ability of epidemiologic evidence to inform regulatory decisions is largely dependent on the coherence and quality of the published literature. This systematic review examines the quality and consistency of studies assessing health outcomes associated with exposure to triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial chemical with a short physiologic half-life. We used elements of the Biomonitoring, Environmental Epidemiology, and Short-Lived Chemicals instrument to evaluate aspects of study quality. Each methodological domain -overall design, exposure assessment, and data analysis -was categorized according to three tiers where Tier 1 indicated the highest quality. We also examined consistency of methods, results and reporting as considerations for weight of evidence (WOE) assessment. Studies were considered sufficiently comparable if they addressed the same or similar research questions. Forty-two studies met the criteria for inclusion. Only one randomized cross-over clinical trial of TCS was assigned to Tier 1 for all three domains. Most other studies were assigned to Tier 3 for at least one domain. Although the available literature examined more than 100 different health endpoints and reported hundreds of different measures of association, few studies were considered comparable. For reported measures of association, most were not significantly different from the null; the few statistically significant results represented isolated findings without a discernable across-or within-study pattern. We conclude that the current body of epidemiologic literature does not allow a meaningful WOE assessment due to methodological limitations of individual studies and lack of inter-study consistency. On the other hand, methodologically stronger studies may be used to inform future research. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Consistency Of Methods Results and Reporting Across Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the literature on triclosan and health outcomes in humans

Goodman

Naiman

LaKind

2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…Certain pesticides, the fungicide vinclozolin, bisphenol A, some phthalates and triclosan can antagonize the action of androgens in assays in vitro and in animal models (Kelce and Wilson, 1997;Sohoni and Sumpter, 1998;Gee et al, 2008). It is therefore interesting that recent reports have documented the ability of several parabens to bind to human androgen receptor (Satoh et al, 2005) and an antiandrogenic activity for all parabens tested in antagonizing the action of testosterone on reporter gene expression (Satoh et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2007; see Table 3 for details). Although male reproductive abnormalities resulting in animal models from exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds have been attributed to the oestrogenic activity of the chemicals, the relevance of antiandrogenic properties is now receiving more serious consideration (Bay et al, 2006;Sharpe, 2006;Filby et al, 2007).…”

Section: Antiandrogenic Properties Of Parabens and Male Reproductive mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks

Darbre

Harvey

2008

J of Applied Toxicology

604

375

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This toxicology update reviews research over the past four years since publication in 2004 of the ¼rst measurement of intact esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) in human breast cancer tissues, and the suggestion that their presence in the human body might originate from topical application of bodycare cosmetics. The presence of intact paraben esters in human body tissues has now been con¼rmed by independent measurements in human urine, and the ability of parabens to penetrate human skin intact without breakdown by esterases and to be absorbed systemically has been demonstrated through studies not only in vitro but also in vivo using healthy human subjects. Using a wide variety of assay systems in vitro and in vivo, the oestrogen agonist properties of parabens together with their common metabolite ( p-hydroxybenzoic acid) have been extensively documented, and, in addition, the parabens have now also been shown to possess androgen antagonist activity, to act as inhibitors of sulfotransferase enzymes and to possess genotoxic activity. With the continued use of parabens in the majority of bodycare cosmetics, there is a need to carry out detailed evaluation of the potential for parabens, together with other oestrogenic and genotoxic co-formulants of bodycare cosmetics, to increase female breast cancer incidence, to interfere with male reproductive functions and to in½uence development of malignant melanoma which has also recently been shown to be in½uenced by oestrogenic stimulation.

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“…Suzuki et al (2013) reported that AR antagonist activities were frequently found in indoor dust from Japan, the United States, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia, and several flame retardants exhibited antiandrogenic activity in the AR-CALUX assay. In addition, several synthetic compounds widely used in our daily lives, such as triclosan, parabens, and phthalates have been shown to elicit antiandrogenic or antithyroid hormonal activities (Chen et al, 2007;Shen et al, 2009;Christen, 2012), and these compounds have been detected in indoor dust as well (Bornehag et al, 2005;Fan et al, 2010). Quantification of these potential AR and TR antagonists may be useful in characterizing major AR/TR antagonist contaminants in indoor dust from Taiwan.…”

Section: Ar/tr Agonist and Antagonist Activity In Indoor And Outdoor mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Hormone-Like and Genotoxic Activities in Indoor Dust from Taiwan Using a Battery of in Vitro Bioassays

Chou

Lee

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Indoor dust serves as a potential sink for various synthetic chemicals used in our daily lives, while exposure to these anthropogenic contaminants via dust contact, ingestion, or inhalation may pose potential threats to human health. In this study, in vitro biological assays were used to investigate the endocrine disrupting activity and genotoxicity in dust samples collected from a university located in southern Taiwan. Contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust were also analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Our results showed that significant aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, antiandrogenic, antithyroid hormonal, and genotoxic activities were found in dust samples. In particular, high AhR agonist activities were found in indoor dust collected from computer room and laboratory (16112 and 9686 ng benzo(a)pyrene equivalent/g dust dry weight), whereas AhR agonistic PAHs were responsible for only a small percentage of the bioassay-derived activities. Higher antiandrogenic and genotoxic activities were found in indoor dust from office and classroom, respectively, suggesting that contaminants varied in different indoor dust samples. After fractionating by high performance liquid chromatography, AhR agonist activities were detected in several fractions of indoor dust from computer room and laboratory, indicating the presence of unknown AhR agonist contaminants in these indoor dust samples. Further isolation and identification of novel AhR agonistic and antiandrogenic contaminants is necessary to protect the environment and human health.

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Antiandrogenic properties of parabens and other phenolic containing small molecules in personal care products

Cited by 225 publications

References 44 publications

Systematic review of the literature on triclosan and health outcomes in humans

Systematic review of the literature on triclosan and health outcomes in humans

Paraben esters: review of recent studies of endocrine toxicity, absorption, esterase and human exposure, and discussion of potential human health risks

Detection of Hormone-Like and Genotoxic Activities in Indoor Dust from Taiwan Using a Battery of in Vitro Bioassays

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