Antiapoptotic and Antioxidant Properties of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Cat′s Whiskers): Intervention in the Bcl‐2‐Mediated Apoptotic Pathway

Abstract

Antiapoptotic and antioxidant activities of aqueous-methanolic extract (CAME) of Orthosiphonstamineus Benth(OS), and its hexane (HF), chloroform (CF), n-butanol (NBF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and water (WF) fractions were investigated. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using the assays of Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminiumtrichloride, β-carotene bleaching and DPPH. The role of OS against hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis on MDA-M231 epithelial cells was examined using MTT assay, phase contrast microscope, colorimetric assay of caspase-3, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that EAF showed the highest total phenolic content followed by CAME, NBF, WF, CF and HF, respectively. Flavonoid content was in the order of the CF > EAF > HF > CAME > NBF > WF. The IC50 values on DPPH assay for different extract/fractions were 126.2 ± 23, 31.25 ± 1.2, 15.25 ± 2.3, 13.56 ± 1.9, 23.0 ± 3.2, and 16.66 ± 1.5 μg/ml for HF, CF, EAF, NBF, WF and CAME, respectively. OSreduced the oxidation of β-carotene by hydroperoxides. Cell death was dose-dependently inhibited by pretreatment with OS. Caspase-3 and distinct morphological features suggest the anti-apoptotic activities of OS. This plant not only increased the expression of Bcl-2, but also decreased Bax expression, and ultimately reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis. The current results showed that phenolics may provide health and nutritional benefits.

Effect of Differences Methanol Concentration and Extraction Time on the Antioxidant Capacity, Phenolics Content and Bioactive Constituents of Orthosiphon Stamineus Extracts

“…Based on the situation of TPC and FRSA, methanolic extracts expressing good biological capacity. Besides that, in the extraction process, the polarity of solvents is very important to increase the solubility of antioxidant compounds [8]. Thus, it was significant to measure process to validate a good solvent in antioxidant compound extraction.…”

Synergistic Effect of Polyherbal Formulations on DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity

“…The higher antioxidant properties in O. aristatus might be due to the properties of the plant that conferred with high amount of flavones, polyphenols, glycosides, bioactive active proteins, a volatile oil, and massive quantities of potassium [20]. Previous study of O. aristatus, indicated that total phenolic contents of the plant ranged from 139.81 to 386 gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract [21]. The content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds strongly link with the antioxidant activities of plant materials [22].…”

Approach to preserve phenolics inThunbergia laurifolialeaves by different drying treatments

“…Although drying has been proven to maintain the beneficial properties of some plant samples, however, studies have shown that drying can also lead to the degradation of beneficial compounds within the leaf sample, such as phenolics (Abdelwahab et al, ; Chan et al, ; Potisate, Kerr, & Phoungchandang, ). This degradation could be due to two main factors, which are thermal degradation where the heat labile compounds are degraded at high temperature and oxidase enzyme activity such as polyphenol oxidase which utilizes phenolics as a substrate (Ayaz, Demir, Torun, Kolcuoglu, & Colak, ).…”