Antibacterial action of condensed phosphates on the bacterium Streptococcus mutans and experimental caries in the hamster

Shibata, Haruo; Morioka, Toshio

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(82)90034-6

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Streptococcus mutans is the main cariogenic microorganism, and its capacity to produce acid and survive at low pH, as well as its ability to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides, are important virulence factors which contribute to the colonization of the tooth surface, development of pathogenic biofilms, and enamel demineralization (Leone et al 2008, Li andChang 2008;Delbem et al 2014). Although the development of dental caries is related to the formation of biofilm, the progression of established lesions may include species of Candida, particularly Candida albicans (Shibata and Morioka 1982;Monteiro et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium trimetaphosphate and hexametaphosphate impregnated with silver nanoparticles: characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy

et al. 2018

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This study aimed to synthesize and characterize materials containing silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with polyphosphates (sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) or sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP), and evaluate their effect against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined, which was followed by the quantification of the biofilm by counting colony-forming units (CFUs), the amount of metabolic activity, and the total biomass. The MICs revealed greater effectiveness of composites containing 10% Ag (TMP + Ag10% (T10) and HMP + Ag10% (H10)) against both microorganisms. It was observed that T10 and H10 reduced the formation of biofilms by 56-76% for C. albicans and by 52-94% for S. mutans for total biomass and metabolic activity. These composites promoted significant log reductions in the number of CFUs, between 0.45-1.43 log for C. albicans and 2.88-3.71 log for S. mutans (p < .001). These composites demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, especially against S. mutans, and may be considered a potential alternative for new dental materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium trimetaphosphate and hexametaphosphate impregnated with silver nanoparticles: characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy

et al. 2018

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“…In fact, several polyPs, such as sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP; Na 3 P 3 O 9 ) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP, polyP3; Na 5 P 3 O 10 ), are listed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food additives by the FDA. Its antimicrobial activity with GRAS-level safety has drawn our attention toward the clinical application of polyP in oral infectious diseases.It has been reported that the antibacterial effect of polyP against Gram-positive bacteria, including mutans streptococci, is related to its ability to chelate divalent cations, resulting in cell division inhibition and loss of cell wall integrity (22,23,(27)(28)(29). In contrast to the case with Gram-positive bacteria, large numbers of Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are able to grow in the presence of polyP at concentrations even up to 10% (22,23,30).…”

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Effects of Polyphosphate against Prevotella intermedia in Planktonic Phase and Biofilm

Jang

Kim

Noh

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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c Polyphosphate (polyP) has gained a wide interest in the food industry due to its potential as a decontaminating agent. In this study, we examined the effect of sodium tripolyphosphate (polyP3; Na 5 P 3 O 10 ) against planktonic and biofilm cells of Prevotella intermedia, a major oral pathogen. The MIC of polyP3 against P. intermedia ATCC 49046 determined by agar dilution method was 0.075%, while 0.05% polyP3 was bactericidal against P. intermedia in time-kill analysis performed using liquid medium. A crystal violet binding assay for the assessment of biofilm formation by P. intermedia showed that sub-MICs of polyP3 significantly decreased biofilm formation. Under the scanning electron microscope, decreased numbers of P. intermedia cells forming the biofilms were observed when the bacterial cells were incubated with 0.025% or higher concentrations of polyP3. Assessment of biofilm viability with LIVE/DEAD staining and viable cell count methods showed that 0.05% or higher concentrations of polyP3 significantly decreased the viability of the preformed biofilms in a concentration-dependent manner. The zone sizes of alpha-hemolysis formed on horse blood agar produced by P. intermedia were decreased in the presence of polyP3. The expression of the genes encoding hemolysins and the genes of the hemin uptake (hmu) locus was downregulated by polyP3. Collectively, our results show that polyP is an effective antimicrobial agent against P. intermedia in biofilms as well as planktonic phase, interfering with the process of hemin acquisition by the bacterium. P revotella intermedia is a black-pigmented anaerobic Gramnegative bacterium which has long been known to be associated with oral diseases, such as chronic periodontitis (1-3), aggressive periodontitis (4-6), puberty-associated gingivitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (7,8), periapical periodontitis (9, 10), and noma (an acute gangrenous disease) (11, 12). Besides being involved in oral diseases, P. intermedia has also been reported to be associated with various systemic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis (13-15), and atherosclerosis (16). Difficulty in controlling the bacterium has been attributed to resistance of P. intermedia to many antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and tetracyclines (17, 18). Moreover, P. intermedia cells form a biofilm in which the bacterial cells become more resistant to antibiotics (19). Because biofilm can serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance (20), it is of clinical significance to develop alternative antimicrobial approaches for controlling antibiotic-resistant P. intermedia.Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a chain of few or many hundreds of phosphate (P i ) residues linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride (21). Intracellular polyP found in bacteria is considered a virulence factor since it performs various functions, such as serving as an ATP source and substitute, a regulator of the intracellular levels of metal ions, a channel for DNA entry, and a regulator that contributes to bacter...

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“…Poly(P) inhibits the growth of various Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (14,17,22,35,52), Listeria monocytogenes (37,52), Sarcina lutea (35), Bacillus cereus, and Lactobacillus, and of fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus (17,28). Concerning oral bacteria, mutans streptococci were first found to be inhibited by condensed phosphate, resulting in a decrease of plaque formation and dental caries (5,39). The ability of poly(P) to chelate divalent cations is regarded as relevant to the antibacterial effects of poly(P), contributing to cell division inhibition and loss of cell wall integrity (17,24,28,35).…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Action of Polyphosphate on Porphyromonas gingivalis

Moon

Park

Lee

2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Polyphosphate [poly(P)] has antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive bacteria. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria are generally resistant to poly(P). Here, we describe the antibacterial characterization of poly(P) against a Gram-negative periodontopathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. The MICs of pyrophosphate (Na 4 P 2 O 7 ) and all poly(P) (Na n ؉ 2 P n O 3n ؉ 1 ; n ‫؍‬ 3 to 75) tested for the bacterium by the agar dilution method were 0.24% and 0.06%, respectively. Orthophosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 ) failed to inhibit bacterial growth. Poly-P75 was chosen for further study. In liquid medium, 0.03% poly-P75 was bactericidal against P. gingivalis irrespective of the growth phase and inoculum size, ranging from 10 5 to10 9 cells/ml. UV-visible spectra of the pigments from P. gingivalis grown on blood agar with or without poly-P75 showed that poly-P75 reduced the formation of -oxo bisheme by the bacterium. Poly-P75 increased hemin accumulation on the P. gingivalis surface and decreased energy-driven uptake of hemin by the bacterium. The expression of the genes encoding hemagglutinins, gingipains, hemin uptake loci, chromosome replication, and energy production was downregulated, while that of the genes related to iron storage and oxidative stress was upregulated by poly-P75. The transmission electron microscope showed morphologically atypical cells with electron-dense granules and condensed nucleoid in the cytoplasm. Collectively, poly(P) is bactericidal against P. gingivalis, in which hemin/heme utilization is disturbed and oxidative stress is increased by poly(P).Inorganic polyphosphate [poly(P)] is a ubiquitous compound found in bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, and animals. The poly(P) found in the organisms is a chain of a few or many hundreds of phosphate (P i ) residues linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride. It performs varied functions in bacteria: it can serve as an ATP source and substitute, it is a strong chelator of metal ions and thus can regulate the levels of the ions in the cells, it is a channel for DNA entry, and it is a regulator that contributes to bacterial resistance and survival under stress and stringent conditions (18). Therefore, intracellular poly(P) is considered a virulence factor of microorganisms.In contrast, exogenous poly(P) has attracted considerable attention as an antimicrobial agent, since it can prevent spoilage of food (29, 32), and it is listed as a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) food additive by the FDA. Poly(P) inhibits the growth of various Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (14,17,22,35,52), Listeria monocytogenes (37, 52), Sarcina lutea (35), Bacillus cereus, and Lactobacillus, and of fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus (17,28). Concerning oral bacteria, mutans streptococci were first found to be inhibited by condensed phosphate, resulting in a decrease of plaque formation and dental caries (5, 39). The ability of poly(P) to chelate divalent cations is regarded as relevant to the antibacterial effects of poly(P), contributing to cell division i...

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Antibacterial action of condensed phosphates on the bacterium Streptococcus mutans and experimental caries in the hamster

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Sodium trimetaphosphate and hexametaphosphate impregnated with silver nanoparticles: characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy

Sodium trimetaphosphate and hexametaphosphate impregnated with silver nanoparticles: characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy

In Vitro Effects of Polyphosphate against Prevotella intermedia in Planktonic Phase and Biofilm

Antibacterial Action of Polyphosphate on Porphyromonas gingivalis

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