Antibacterial Activity against Foodborne Pathogens and Inhibitory Effect on Anti-Inflammatory Mediators’ Production of Brazilin-Enriched Extract from Caesalpinia sappan Linn

Abstract

Caesalpinia sappan L. heartwood was collected from Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Crude extracts were prepared by Soxhlet’s extraction using 50, 60, and 70% of ethanol (EtOH) at 50, 60, and 70 °C, and the brazilin content was measured using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens and anti-inflammatory aspects were investigated. C. sappan, prepared from 70% EtOH at 70 °C (E70T70), significantly (p < 0.05) exhibited the highest amount of brazilin (7.90 ± 0.50% w/w). All extracts were investigated for anti-inflammatory activity through an inhibition effect on nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production in RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells. The inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) production in HT-29 and HCT116 was also studied. All the extracts inhibited NO, iNOS, and COX-2 production induced by combined lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ, especially E70T70, indicating the highest inhibition effect among other extracts. Additionally, E70T70 was selected to determine the antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The result showed that 200 µg/mL extract reduced all test pathogens 100% at 24 h. These results suggested the potential of using C. sappan L. extract as a natural preservative in food and a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Pharmaceutical activity of sappan wood extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) for treating Escherichia coli infection in piglets

“…These results indicate that C. sappan wood extract can inhibit the growth of E. coli , (MIC: 16–32 mg/ml). The MIC obtained in the present study was lower than that reported in a study that determined the antibacterial activity of C. sappan wood extract against foodborne pathogens, including S. aureus , E. coli , S. enteritidis, and V. parahaemolyticus , with a MIC of 200 mg/ml ( Pattananandecha et al ., 2022 ). But it showed higher than a previous which indicated that ethanolic extracts of C. sappan wood extract can be used against bacteria that cause chronic wound infection, such as S. aureus , with a MIC value of 0.625 mg/ml ( Temrangsee, 2011 ) and MIC/MBC 2/2 mg/ml ( Kawari et al , 2016 ).…”

Inhibitory Effects of Selected Medicinal Plants on Bacterial Growth of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…Furthermore, prominent antibacterial activity was observed for extracts and fractions from C. sappan. Brazilin, one of the major active compounds in C. sappan, has been reported to show noteworthy antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including MRSA [27].…”

Woodfordia fruticosa fermented with lactic acid bacteria impact on foodborne pathogens adhesion and cytokine production in HT-29 cells

“…These cells have been central to evaluating the efficacy of plant extracts. For instance, an extract of Caesalpinia sappan prepared using 70% ethanol at 70°C demonstrated the ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators, specifically COX-2, in HT-29 cells ( Pattananandecha et al, 2022 ). Additionally, the cytotoxicity of Prangos ferulacea was assessed in terms of its impact on the survival of HT-29 cells, with an IC 50 value determined to be 82.15 ± 0.02 μg/mL ( Jalil Sarghaleh et al, 2023 ).…”