Antibacterial Activity and Composition of the Essential Oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech. f. from Iran

Abstract

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial flowering parts of Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech. f. was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Thirty-two components representing 97.1% of the total oil were identified. Oxygenated monoterpenes (94.3%) were the predominant fraction of the oil with pulegone (65.2%), isomenthone (11.9%), 1,8-cineole (7.8%) and piperitenone (6.5%) as the main constituents. Antibacterial activity of the oil and also its two main components (pulegone and 1,8-cineole) were tested against seven bacteria. It was found that the oil exhibited interesting antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 3.75 mg/ml.

In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties and total phenolic contents of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris, T. kotschyanus, Ziziphora tenuior and Z. clinopodioides

“…In another study, the MIC value of 3.75 mg/ml was reported for EO of Z. clinopodioides against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, B. Subtilis and E.coli [14]. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of EOs are associated with their phenolics content [40] and phenolics content can be influenced by many factors such as geographic location, environmental and climate conditions, season, soil type, and the method of drying and extraction of the oil [38].…”

“…Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Z. clinopodioides have been reported [13]. Several studies have been reported the antibacterial activity of Z. clinopodioides [13][14][15][16]. However, there is only one report on antioxidant activity of this plant [13].…”

Variability in <i>Ziziphora clinopodioides </i>subsp. <i>bungeana</i> (Juz.) Based on Morphological Traits and Essential Oils Profile

“…(Dembistikii et al, 1995;Meral et al, 2002). Pulegone has been known as hepatotoxin that lead to some kind of internal haemorrhage, pulmonary oedema and massive necrosis (Sonboli et al, 2006). All oils were dominated by hydrocarbon compounds (Table 4) …”

“…The yields of essential oils ranged from 0.23% for Abjahan, 0.40% for Aliabad and 0.57% for Bashmahale and for 0.61% Tudeh. Since the protrusions of capitate secretory cells have just a little storing space, there is a persistent evaporation of essential oils (Meral et al, 2002;Sonboli et al, 2006) and thus reducing essential oil of leaves. It is well known that all species of the genus Ziziphora L. are recognized by only a small quantity of essential oils (Dembistikii et al, 1995;Meral et al, 2002;Ozturk and Ercisli, 2007).…”

In Vitro Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Ziziphora clinopodioides L. and Some Standard Antibiotics on Bacteria Isolated From Women's Urogenital Tract Infections

“…Also ethnopharmacological data about this plant showed that it has been used by the rural people as an antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti fungal, expectorant and sedative agent to treat cold, flu, diarrhea, gasterointestinal disorder and stomach ache (1,7,8).…”