Antibacterial activity and in situ efficacy of Bidens pilosa Linn and Dichrostachys cinerea Wight et Arn extracts against common diarrhoea-causing waterborne bacteria

Abstract

BackgroundBidens pilosa and Dichrostachys cinerea extracts were investigated for the antibacterial properties against waterborne diarrhoeagenic bacteria.MethodsThe plant materials were extracted using the direct and serial exhaustive methods using solvents of varying polarities, namely, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol. Qualitative phytochemical analysis and quantitative determination of total phenolic content of the leaf powders of the two plants were tested. The antioxidant activities of the plants were determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The toxic effect of the extracts on C2C12 muscle cell line were assessed by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method and the antibacterial activity was determined using the serial microbroth dilution.ResultsMethanol leaf extracts both plants had the highest yield in both direct and serial exhaustive extraction methods. Phytochemical profiling of the extracts displayed the presence of various secondary metabolites. The Benzene: ethanol: ammonia hydroxide solvent system showed a good resolution of chemical compounds in plant extracts from both plants. Most antioxidant compounds observed were developed in chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic acid and ethyl acetate: methanol: water solvent systems. All the bacterial species tested were sensitive to the effect of different extracts of both plant species, with E. coli being less sensitive to the effect of the extracts from D. cinerea. Following the simulated gastric fluid (SGF) treatment, a decrease in the antibacterial potency of the extracts was observed. No extract was toxic to the C2C12 muscle cell line.ConclusionThe presence of the secondary metabolites and nontoxic effect of the two plants tested may affirm the medicinal value of these leaf extracts. Our results suggest that B. pilosa and D. cinerea contain constituents with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, which could be used in the treatment of diarrhoea in a case where untreated surface water is used.

Antimicrobial Properties and Mechanism of Action of Some Plant Extracts Against Food Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms

“…It has been reported previously that the water extract of different plants usually yields significantly higher amounts compared to ethanolic extracts of same plants ( Caleja et al, 2016 ). This may be due to using a high temperature for 30 min during extraction and also to the higher polarity of water ( Dhanani et al, 2017 ). In addition, the utilization of vibrations to rupture plant cell walls, resulted in releasing of compounds and molecules into the solvent ( Tiwari, 2015 ).…”

“…Afterward, the two beakers were transferred to incubator shaker and kept for overnight at 37°C and 150 rpm. The supernatant was similarly processed as described in conventional extraction to get dried extracts of selected plants as described by ( Dhanani et al, 2017 ). Dried extracts were dissolved in 10% DMSO for ethanolic extracts or in distal water for water extracts ( Gurnani et al, 2016 ).…”

A Systematic Review of Plants With Antibacterial Activities: A Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Perspective

“…Dichrostachys cinerea is a shrub native to Africa. Its twigs are used in traditional treatments for acne vulgaris, while leaves and fruits are used for the treatment of diarrhea, fever and headache ( Shandukani et al, 2018 ). Twigs of D. cinerea extracted with dichloromethane and methanol (1:1) had an MIC against Staphylococcus epidermidis of 0.19 μg/mL ( Nciki et al, 2016 ); however, in the same study, no activity was found on eight other bacterial pathogens tested.…”

Hypotensive and Vasorelaxant Effects of Aqueous Extract of Dichrostachys cinerea (L) Wight and Arv (Mimosaceae)

“…The phytochemical screening realized on Dichrostachys cinerea leaves has showed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] . These results are in line of others studies which already shown the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins in extract of leaves of Dichrostachys cinerea 27 .…”