Antibacterial Activity Assay of Mangrove Extracts Against Salmonella Typhi and Listeria Monocytogenes

Abstract

<jats:p>The antibacterial activities of mangrove species, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia caseolaris (collected from Teluk Payo, Banyuasin, South Sumatera), Ceriops tagal, Rizhopora apiculata, and Sonneratia alba (collected from Sadai, South Bangka) were screened against Salmonella typhi and Listeria monocytogenes by agar disk diffusion assays. Extractions were conducted using organic solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone, subsequently). Most of the extracts tested showed potential antibacterial activity against both pathogens. The methanol extracts of the bark from S. alba and the fruit from A. marina showed particularly large inhibition zones (15 mm) against S. typhi. The acetone extract of S. alba leaves showed the largest inhibition zone (14 mm) when tested against L. Monocy-togenes. Further partial purifications of selected extracts which showed strong inhibition were performed by silica gel column chromatography using various eluent compositions with different polarities. The third fraction of methanol extract from S.alba leaves eluted with chloroform:methanol (1:5) resulted in a remarkably large inhibition zone (23 mm) against S. typhi. The third and seventh fractions of acetone extract from S. alba leaves eluted with ethyl acetate:methanol (7:3) resulted in a large inhibition zones (15 mm) against L. monocytogenes. In addition, the sixth fraction of methanol extract from A. marina fruit eluted with chloroform : methanol (6:4) resulted in the largest inhibition zone (17 mm) against L. monocytogenes. These results indicated that mangrove extracts could be developed as potential biomaterials for biopharmaceutical as well as biopreservation industries.Keywords: antibacterial activity, mangrove, column chromatography</jats:p>

Mangrove plants species from Delta Mahakam, Indonesia with antimicrobial potency

“…A.officinalis fruit extract has an antibacterial activity of about 12.66-18.66 mm against both Gram-positive and negative . Extracts of methanol bark of S. alba and A. marina fruit showed a 15.00 mm inhibition zone to Salmonella typhi, its acetic acid extract showed a 14.00 mm inhibit zone against Listeria monocytogenes (Mustopa et al 2015).…”

Sonneratia alba Extract Protects the Post Larvae of Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon against Vibrio harveyi and Saprolegnia sp.

“…The methanol extract of S. alba bark showed a 15 mm inhibition zone against Salmonella typhi. Acetone extract of S. alba leaves showed a 14 mm inhibition zone against Listeria monocytogenes [16]. The inhibition zone of S. alba ethanol extract 1,000 ppm to V. harveyi is 12.67 mm, and Saprolegnia is 12.00 mm, and Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S. alba to V. harveyi is 3.91μgmL -1 , and MIC against Saprolegnia sp.…”

“…The mangrove phytochemical analysis has revealed important chemicals such as saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, gums, phytosterols, and reducing sugars [15]. Extracts of methanol bark of S. alba and A. marina fruit showed a 15.00 mm inhibition zone to Salmonella typhi, its acetic acid extract showed a 14.00 mm inhibit zone against Listeria monocytogenes [16]. Extract of S. alba can inhibit V. harveyi and Saprolegnia sp.…”