Antibacterial activity, metabolites and elemental analysis of Saussurea candicans C. B. Clarke

Abstract

Phytochemical analysis of ethanol and water extracts of Saussurea candicans has indicated the presence of flavonoides, phenolics, tannins, etc., that supports its use in traditional medicine both for human and animals in different parts of the world. S. candicans is a plant of medicinal interest hence selected for analysis. Antibacterial activity of the two extracts was tested against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Only the ethanol extract was found to be effective. Both aqueous and ethanol extracts were prepared and studied for different phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoides, phenolics, and steroids and also for their antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method. The Fourier transform infrared and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of whole plant powder were done to study the functional groups and elemental profile, respectively. The aqueous extract contains more (11) phytochemicals as compared to ethanol (9). No zone of inhibition was observed at different volumes of the extract, i.e., 20 μl, 50 μl and 100 μl but at 150 μl, and 200 μl concentration of 230.7 mg/ml plant extracts, the zone of inhibition was reported. The dose of 150 μl concentration active only against E. faecalis, whereas, 200 μl concentration showed activity against all bacterial strains. Only the ethanol extract had antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria. The medicinal activity of S. candicans is assumed to be because of the presence of different phytochemicals and elements. Further study can be conducted to understand the role of each and every reported phytochemicals and elements.

Acute toxicity appraisal of Saussurea heteromalla extract and development of its chemotherapeutic herbal dosage form

“…extraordinarily high phenolic contents, including flavonoids and arctigenin Additionally, flavonoids and arctigenin are well-known for revealing various pharmacological actions, i.e., anti-cancer and antioxidant effects. Phenolic compounds isolated from Leptocanna chinensis demonstrated potent antioxidant activity against cancerous HeLa cells; therefore S. heteromalla may be used as a new anti-cancer plant because of its rich source of flavonoids and arctigenin [5,22,23]. Any therapeutic/medicinal product containing single or more active constituents is designated as an herbal drug/medicine.…”

A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, palynology, and therapeutic potential of Himalaiella heteromalla (D.Don) Raab-Straube.

“…Furthermore, Himalaiellaheteromalla has been utilized as a natural medicine for menstruation abnormalities and women's reproductive illnesses (Ahmad et al, 2018), fever (Malik et al, 2015, Butola et al, 2012, and skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis (Malik et al, 2015, Butola et al, 2012. It has also been utilized in traditional medicine for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory qualities, making it an effective natural pain reliever and anti-inflammatory (Sajad et al, 2018, Puri et al, 2017. It has also been used to decrease blood pressure, cure cuts, and wounds, and as a natural therapy for cardiovascular problems (Shah et al, 2015).…”