Antibacterial Activity of <i>Psidium guajava</i> Leaf Extract against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

This study has been embarked upon due to increased resistance of bacteria to many already synthesized drugs and the high price of the orthodox medicines in the market, the antimicrobial effect of Psidium guajava leaf extracts against selected drug-resistant bacteria will help to reduce the overdependence on orthodox or synthetic drugs which greater population of the society cannot afford due to economic/financial restriction. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava were assayed for antibacterial activity using the agar dilution method in the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The bioactive components of the extracts were determined using standard techniques and the inhibitory activities of the extracts were compared to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, ofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin. The MIC of the extract on the test organisms ranges from 10 mg/ml -40 mg/ml. The sensitivity test showed that the organisms were susceptible to Psidium guajava leave extract except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as Tannin, Saponin, Balsam, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Cardiac glycosides, Carbohydrate, Resins, Terpenes, and Sterols. It has been shown that the leaves of Psidium guajava have antibacterial effects and hence can be used to treat the ailments caused by those organisms at a particular dosage and concentration. However, more research work on its toxicity level, synergistic or antagonistic interaction with other plants or drugs is needed to consolidate its usage.

Antibacterial Activity of <i>Psidium guajava</i> Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts on Selected Bacteria in Ugbokolo, Benue State, Nigeria

“…This corroborates the findings of Sushmita et al [2]. Ngene et al [20] equally reported that Gram positive organisms exhibited smaller MIC when exposed to extracts of Psidium guajava than those of Gram negative organisms. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration showed that the leaves and stem extracts of the plant can kill the isolates at 12.5 -50 mg/ml.…”

“…Ibe and Maduagwu [4] and Nwanneka et al [19] also reported the efficacy of Alkaloids as anti-imalaria, anticancer and antiasthma. Ngene et al [20] reported that tannins are effective in treating intestinal disorders such as diarrhea and dysentery.…”

Isolation of Fungi from Mangrove Ecosystem of Mumbai and Evaluation of their Antibacterial Potential

“…26 After 24 hrs, broth was filtered using double Whatmans filter paper (qualitative paper with grade 597). 29 The filtrate was dried on a rotary evaporator and the left thick paste-like substance was stored at 4°C in glass vials for further studies. Further, mycelium collected was washed with warm water to ensure no residue of solvent and nutrient medium is left.…”

Novel Optimization of Psidium guajava Antibacterial Activity for Drug Discovery and Development

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) has categorized more than 20,000 medicinal plant species providing treatment for diseases such as, ulcers, pneumonia diarrhoea, colds, bronchitis and diseases of the respiratory tracts. The use of plant extracts and phyto-products is gaining attention due to their availability, cost-effectiveness, proven nature of specificity, biodegradability, low toxicity, and minimum residual toxicity in the ecosystem [10].…”