Antibacterial Activity of Dental Implant Metals

Berry, Charles W.; Moore, Tera J.; Safar, John A.; Henry, Clay A.; Wagner, Martin J.

doi:10.1097/00008505-199200110-00006

Cited by 61 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…While a titanium alloy was used, the most common alloy used in knee hardware is cobalt-chrome-molybdenum. Data from others (31,32) novial fluid adhered to the pin. The recently published work of Dastgheyb et al (18) established that despite early differences in proliferation rates, the rates of S. aureus proliferation in TSB and synovial fluid at 24 h are approximately equal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Staphylococcal Persistence Due to Biofilm Formation in Synovial Fluid Containing Prophylactic Cefazolin

Dastgheyb

Hammoud

Ketonis

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Antibiotic prophylaxis is standard for patients undergoing surgical procedures, yet despite the wide use of antibiotics, breakthrough infections still occur. In the setting of total joint arthroplasty, such infections can be devastating. Recent findings have shown that synovial fluid causes marked staphylococcal aggregation, which can confer antibiotic insensitivity. We therefore asked in this study whether clinical samples of synovial fluid that contain preoperative prophylactic antibiotics can successfully eradicate a bacterial challenge by pertinent bacterial species. This study demonstrates that preoperative prophylaxis with cefazolin results in high antibiotic levels. Furthermore, we show that even with antibiotic concentrations that far exceed the expected bactericidal levels, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria added to the synovial fluid samples are not eradicated and are able to colonize model implant surfaces, i.e., titanium pins. Based on these studies, we suggest that current prophylactic antibiotic choices, despite high penetration into the synovial fluid, may need to be reexamined.I nfection remains a major concern with orthopedic procedures, although infection rates are generally Ͻ1% (1). Because of the high prophylactic antibiotic levels within synovial fluid, the use of minimally invasive techniques, and short surgical times, infection rates remain low. However, with increasing numbers of total knee arthroplasties, infections are projected to exceed 60,000 to 70,000 cases in the United States by 2020 (2, 3). When hardware, such as a prosthesis, is present, infection is recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment. Once established, infection can cause prolonged disability, multiple operations, and increased health care costs (3, 4). According to the WHO, patients with a surgical site infection have twice the mortality rate, are twice as likely to spend time in an intensive care unit, and are five times more likely to be readmitted to the hospital than uninfected patients (5).To avoid the establishment of infection, antibiotic prophylaxis has become the standard of care (6, 7). For orthopedic procedures, cefazolin (CFZ), which is bactericidal for staphylococci, streptococci, and Escherichia coli (8, 9), is commonly used in the absence of a penicillin allergy (10). Alternative prophylactic antibiotics include fusidic acid, cloxacillin (11), cefixime (12), vancomycin, and gentamicin (13). Interestingly, synovial fluid has been suggested to possess antibacterial properties (14-16) that are attributed to hyaluronic acid within the synovial fluid (17), the induction of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (15), or unknown compounds, including antimicrobial peptides, within the synovial fluid (14). We recently reported that this ostensible decrease in bacterial numbers, which is perceived to be an "antibacterial" effect, is actually due to the clumping of bacteria within synovial fluid, which masks the true microbial load levels (18).The recognition of this behavior also helps to elucidate the difficulties ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Staphylococcal Persistence Due to Biofilm Formation in Synovial Fluid Containing Prophylactic Cefazolin

Dastgheyb

Hammoud

Ketonis

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Gold and palladium are two elements known for their insolubility and biocompatible properties, so they have been in use for several decades in dentistry and medicine [21][22][23][24]. Metallic gold is non-toxic and nonallergenic for humans [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gold and palladium are known with their insoluble and biocompatible effects and they have been in use for several decades in dentistry and medicine [21][22][23]. Novelli et al observed that gold complexes were active against both Gram-positive and negative microorganisms as with antibiotics like piperacilline and chloramphenicol [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold and Gold-Palladium Coated Polypropylene Grafts in a S. epidermidis Wound Infection Model

Saygun¹,

Ağalar²,

Aydınuraz³

et al. 2006

Journal of Surgical Research

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“…Resistant to several antibiotics, particularly, β-lactams, erythromycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and tetracycline (1,8). Moreover, many metals and alloys used as dental materials express an antibacterial effect mediated by the release and dissolution of the metal ions, but the metal antibacterial effect depends on the metal ions release interfering with the bacterial metabolism (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from osseointegrated dental implants: colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility

Pfau¹,

Ávila-Campos²

2005

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility of P. intermedia and P. gingivalis isolated from peri-implant and gingival sulcus samples were determined. Samples were collected from 30 patients submitted to implant in three different times: at the moment of the surgery, 20 and 60 days after the implant installation. Organisms were identified by using a biochemical tests or API 32-A kit and by PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by using an agar dilution method. Nineteen P. intermedia (4 from peri-implant sites and 15 from gingival sulcus), and only seven P. gingivalis from gingival sulcus were isolated. Organisms were detected by PCR from seven peri-implant and 32 gingival samples. Bacteria were susceptible to the used antibiotics except to azithromycin with 65% of resistance for P. intermedia strains. Both tested species were susceptible to cadmium, nickel and palladium, and showed different resistance rates to titanium, aluminum and mercuric chloride. Most of P. intermedia strains were resistant to lead, silver, copper, titanium, zinc, aluminum and mercuric chloride. Bacteria colonized implants after 60 days of surgery and PCR may be used as a tool for bacterial detection in implantology.

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Antibacterial Activity of Dental Implant Metals

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Staphylococcal Persistence Due to Biofilm Formation in Synovial Fluid Containing Prophylactic Cefazolin

Staphylococcal Persistence Due to Biofilm Formation in Synovial Fluid Containing Prophylactic Cefazolin

Gold and Gold-Palladium Coated Polypropylene Grafts in a S. epidermidis Wound Infection Model

Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from osseointegrated dental implants: colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility

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