Antibacterial Activity of Manuka Honey Against Azithromycin Resistant Extensively Drug Resistant Salmonella Typhi Clinical Isolates: In-Vitro Study

Abstract

Typhoid fever is a significant health problem in developing countries like Pakistan. Salmonella Typhi the causative agent of typhoid has developed resistant to almost all recommended antibiotics. Emergence of resistance to third generation cephalosporins has further complicated the situation and such strains are called as extensively drug resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi. Currently only available options are azithromycin and cabapenems. Recently few reports of azithromycin resistance have emerged from countries like Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Nepal. As azithromycin is the only oral option available to treat XDR Typhoid, development of resistance may change treatment strategy altogether from out patient management to hospitalization of every patient. This may increase the burden on already weak health care system of countries like Pakistan. So there is dire need to look for the alternative treatment options. Manuka honey is well known for its therapeutic potential against wide range of bacteria including Salmonella Typhimurium. In this study 3 azithromycin resistant isolates were isolated and identified using disc diffusion, E-test and broth micro dilution methods and antibacterial activity, MIC and MBC of manuka honey was performed by agar well diffusion assay and broth micro dilution assay respectively. Manuka honey manifested significant antibacterial activity against all test isolates with zone of inhibition ranging from 7.3mm to 7.5mm, MIC and MBC values were between 10 to 15% v/v Here, we conclude that Manuka honey possess potent antibacterial activity and might be used as an alternative treatment option against azithromycin resistant XDR Typhid. However, further clinical trials are mandatory to validate our initial findings.

Comparative Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Algerian Honeys and Manuka Honey Toward Pathogenic Bacteria from Burn Wound Infections

“…Manuka honey is a monofl oral honey type produced by Apis mellifera bees that visit the Manuka tree (Leptospermum scoparium) in Malaysia [17] and New Zealand [18]. Th e antibacterial activity of Manuka honey has been extensively studied [8,[19][20][21]. However, few studies have been conducted on Algerian honey, and there are no published data on the therapeutical eff ects of most of the Algerian honey types.…”