Antibacterial activity of moxifloxacin against periodontal anaerobic pathogens involved in systemic infections

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Moxifloxacin and Clindamycin in the Treatment of Odontogenic Abscesses and Inflammatory Infiltrates: a Phase II, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial

Cachovan

Böger

Giersdorf

et al. 2011

“…This fluoroquinolone shows good in vitro activity against odontogenic pathogens (23,27,43). Recently, we have found that all the streptococci isolated from a series of patients with iatrogenic bacteremia of oral origin showed a low MIC to MXF (47).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MXF has shown good in vitro activity against both oral streptococci (macrolide-sensitive or -resistant) and anaerobic pathogens (23,27,43,47). Recently, we have found in a series of BDE that all the streptococci isolated showed a low MIC to MXF (47).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Efficacies of Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, and Moxifloxacin in Prevention of Bacteremia following Dental Extractions

Dios

Tomás

Limeres

et al. 2006

We evaluated the efficacies of oral prophylactic treatment with amoxicillin (AMX), clindamycin (CLI), and moxifloxacin (MXF) in the prevention of bacteremia following dental extractions (BDE). Two hundred twentyone adults who required dental extractions under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to a control group, an AMX group, a CLI group, and an MXF group (the individuals in the drug treatment groups received 2 g, 600 mg, and 400 mg, respectively, 1 to 2 h before anesthesia induction). Venous blood samples were collected from each patient at the baseline and 30 s, 15 min, and 1 h after the dental extractions. The samples were inoculated into BACTEC Plus aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles and were processed in a BACTEC 9240 instrument. Subculture and the further identification of the isolated bacteria were performed by conventional microbiological techniques. The prevalences of BDE in the control group, AMX group, CLI group, and MXF group were 96, 46, 85, and 57%, respectively, at 30 s; 64, 11, 70, and 24%, respectively, at 15 min; and 20, 4, 22, and 7%, respectively, at 1 h. Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently identified bacteria in all groups (44 to 68%), with the lowest percentage being detected in the AMX group (44%). AMX and MXF prophylaxis showed high efficacies in reducing the prevalence and duration of BDE, but CLI prophylaxis was noneffective. As a consequence, MXF prophylaxis is a promising antibiotic alternative for the prevention of BDE when beta-lactams are not indicated.

“…There is a wealth of literature from the human clinical sector that supports the use of broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones under conditions where anaerobes are implicated (1,2,29,37,44). The utility of broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones against bacteria associated with dental infections has also been demonstrated by King et al (26) in a large pan-European study investigating the in vitro activities of a range of antianaerobic antimicrobials against gram-negative bacilli.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in Periodontal Disease in Dogs: Susceptibility Test Data from a European Multicenter Study

Stephan

Greife

Pridmore

et al. 2008

Collaborating veterinarians from five European countries collected subgingival bacterial samples from dogs exhibiting clinical periodontal disease. Sterile endodontic paper points were used for collection of the samples, which were transported to a central laboratory for susceptibility testing. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated and Porphyromonas and Prevotella isolates identified to the species level; susceptibility to pradofloxacin and metronidazole was determined using the CLSI agar dilution methodology. A total of 630 isolates, 310 of Porphyromonas spp. and 320 of Prevotella spp., were isolated. Pradofloxacin MIC data for all isolates were in the range of <0.016 to 1 g/ml, the overall MIC 50 was 0.062, and the overall MIC 90 was 0.25 g/ml. There were no differences in activity against Porphyromonas and Prevotella isolates or in the pradofloxacin susceptibility distributions from the different European countries. All isolates were within the wild-type distribution and were fully susceptible to pradofloxacin. Metronidazole was also highly active against these strains: 316 of 320 Prevotella strains (98.8%) and 309 of 310 Porphyromonas strains (99.7%) were susceptible (MICs of <8 g/ml). However, three Prevotella strains had intermediate metronidazole susceptibility (MICs of 16 g/ml), while one Prevotella and one Porphyromonas strain were metronidazole resistant (MICs of 128 and 256 g/ml, respectively). Pradofloxacin, a novel broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, demonstrates a high degree of antianaerobic activity against strains isolated from clinical cases of periodontal disease and shows activity against metronidazole-resistant isolates. The broad-spectrum activity of pradofloxacin makes it a suitable candidate for the treatment of periodontal disease in dogs.