Antibacterial Activity of Orthodontic Cement Containing Quaternary Ammonium Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles Adjacent to Orthodontic Brackets

Abstract

Enamel demineralization is a common problem found in patients using orthodontic devices, such as orthodontic braces. It was found that Streptoccocus mutans growth increases adjacent to orthodontic devices, which may result in caries development. Incorporated antibacterial quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QPEI) nanoparticles were previously shown to be highly efficacious against various bacteria. Combining antibacterial materials in orthodontic cement may be advantageous to prevent bacterial outgrowth adjacent to orthodontic brackets. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of orthodontic cement containing QPEI nanoparticles in reducing S. mutans and Lactobacillus casei outgrowth adjacent to orthodontic brackets. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of extracted lower incisors. The antibacterial effect on S. mutans and L. casei outgrowth of Neobond bracket adhesive orthodontic cement with and without QPEI nanoparticles was compared. The antibacterial effect was evaluated using crystal violet staining and bacterial count (CFU/mL). The teeth in the experimental group, with the QPEI nanoparticles cement, showed significantly lower optical density (OD) values and CFU counts of S. mutans and L. casei than the teeth in the control group (p < 0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that orthodontic cement containing QPEI nanoparticles significantly inhibits S. mutans and L. casei growth around orthodontic brackets.

Nanoparticles of Quaternary Ammonium Polyethylenimine Derivatives for Application in Dental Materials

“…The modification of the NeoBond (Dentsply) orthodontic cement with 1.5 wt.% QA-PEI nanoparticles resulted in the complete inhibition of S. mutans bacterial growth and did not change material biocompatibility [94]. Another study showed that the same orthodontic cement, enriched with 1 wt.% QA-PEI nanoparticles, reduced and inhibited the bacterial growth of S. mutans and L. casei in the oral biofilm adjacent to bonded brackets by approximately 90% [120]. Additionally, the bacterial biomass around orthodontic brackets was reduced by more than 40%.…”

Mechanical properties of an experimental resin based composite containing silver nanoparticles and bioactive glass

“…6 These include, quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate, quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles, chlorhexidine and triclosan etc. 7 Silver exhibits broad spectrum activity against fungi, bacteria and certain viruses. In order to reduce surface microbial biofilm, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being applied as antimicrobials in biomaterials.…”

Antibacterial Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Chitosan Nanoparticles in Orthodontic Adhesive Resin on Streptococcus Mutans Colony

“…In this study, the chitosan nanoparticles used had a deacetylation degree of >85%, while the chitosan nanoparticles used in this study had a deacetylation degree of 75%. 9 According to Younes, the higher the degree of deacetylation, the higher the effectiveness of the bacteria. This happens because more acetyl groups are released and operate as free amine groups that can bind to bacterial cell wall.…”

“…6 Nanoparticle materials that can be used in the field of dentistry, especially orthodontic adhesive resins, are comprised of inorganic and organic nanoparticle material. [7][8][9][10] One inorganic nanoparticle material that may be incorporated to orthodontic adhesive resins is titanium dioxide due to its transparent color which may not interfere with the color of resin. The addition of titanium dioxide is reported to possess antibacterial property.…”