“…Recently, the bactericidal activity of materials coated with metal and metalloid ions has led to the suggestion that they may be used as novel anti-bacterial therapeutics against periodontal bacteria, as well as antibiotics (Goudouri, Kontonasaki, Lohbauer, & Boccaccini, 2014). A surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler is able to release six ions-fluoride (F), strontium (Sr), sodium (Na), boron (B), aluminum (Al), and silica (Si)-and has been shown to possess properties such as the prevention of demineralization, promotion of remineralization, and bactericidal activity (Fujimoto et al, 2010;Han & Okiji, 2011;Hosoya et al, 2013;Miki et al, 2016;Murayama et al, 2012;Saku, et al, 2010). It has been reported that S-PRG eluate inhibits the protease and gelatinase activities of P. gingivalis and suppresses co-aggregation between P. gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Yoneda et al, 2012).…”