Antibacterial activity of the body wall extracts of sea cucumber (Invertebrata; Echinodermata) on infectious oral streptococci

Abstract

Background: The present study was carried out to test the antibacterial effect of the body wall of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota Brandt on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius. Methods: After sampling sea cucumbers from the Persian Gulf, different extractions were prepared. Then, aqueous, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.8), chloroform, hexane and methanolic extracts from sea cucumber body wall were screened for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria S. mutans and S. salivarius using the disk diffusion method. Results: The PBS extract did not show any antibacterial or inhibitory activity; the chloroform extract, however, demonstrated high levels of antibacterial activity against S. salivarius while exhibiting low levels of activity against S. mutans. The hexane and methanolic extracts were found to show no antibacterial activity against S. mutans, but exhibited antibacterial activity against S. salivarius. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results demonstrated the possibility of utilizing sea cucumbers as a cheap source of potential antibacterial agents and for treating odontogenic diseases.

Antibacterial and hemolytic effects of aqueous and organic extracts from different tissues of sea urchin Echinometra mathaei on pathogenic streptococci

“…It has been discovered that echinoderms have stronger antibacterial effects than Porifera, Mollusca, Bryozoa or Annelida (Ridzwan et al 1995). Antibacterial activity has previously been described in some species of echinoderms (Haug et al 2002;Kiani et al 2014;Ridzwan et al 1995). Haug et al (2002) studied the antibacterial activity in different parts of the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, the common starfish Asterias rubens, and the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa against Gram-positive and negative bacteria.…”

“…S. mutans and S. sobrinus were cultured on blood agar for 24 h. Based on Kiani et al (2014), the crude aqueous and organic extracts with two concentrations, 600 and 1500 lg, were dissolved in 40 ll of d.d. H 2 O and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Merck, Germany) as solvents, respectively.…”

Bioactivity of aqueous and organic extracts of sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota (Brandt 1835) on pathogenic Candida and Streptococci

“…After dissection, all tissues of animals including body wall, respiratory tree and gastrointestinal tract were separately frozen in liquid nitrogen for 5 min and stored at -70°C until the extraction process. The specimens were identified using ossicles obtained from the epidermal tissues of dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body wall (Kiani et al 2014). …”

“…The sea cucumbers have multiple biological activities such as wound healing (Fredalina et al 1999), antibacterial (Gowda et al 2008;Haug et al 2002;Kiani et al 2014;Ridzwan et al 1995), antifungal (Wang et al 2012), agglutinating activities (De Melo et al 2014;Gowda et al 2008) and antioxidant properties (Osama et al 2009). …”

Effects of different algae in diet on growth and interleukin (IL)-10 production of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

“…Moreover, sea cucumber extracts have potent biological effects and have antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation effects (Esmat et al 2013;Farshadpour et al 2014;Kiani et al 2014;Wijesinghe et al 2013). In China and Malaysia, sea cucumbers have been traditionally used for the remedy of different inflammatory diseases like asthma.…”