Antibacterial and anti-biofilm profiling of Syzygium Aro-Maticum Plant Extracts against Multi-drug resistant Human Pathogens

Abstract

Due to rapidly propagating global resistance to antibiotics/pharmacological agents (One Health Challenge) and costly-expenditure for antibiotic formulation, it is primordial to look for efficient alternatives and ample of evidences document the ability of plant extracts in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate antibacterial and anti-biofilm profiles of Syzygium aromaticum extracts against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Sampling of blood and urinary catheters was done from clinical laboratory of Multan Pakistan. A total of 06 pathogenic strains: Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, were isolated and confirmed by 16SrRNA Ribotyping. Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method was employed for resistance profiling. Flowers of S. aromaticum were used to prepare 04 different extracts i.e., Methanolic, Ethanolic, Dimethyl sulfoxide and Aqueous. Phytochemical screening showed all extracts positive for Proteins, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Saponins and Steroids. MIC and MBC value of all extracts was found 40 µg/ml and 160 µg/ml respectively except Methanolic extract (20 µg/ml and 80 µg/ml respectively). Highest anti-biofilm activity was seen for methanolic extracts. FRAP % was found directly proportional to extract concentration while DDPH % inhibition was: methanolic > ethanolic >Aqueous > DMSO extract. In TLC Analysis, highest Rf value was recorded for Methanolic extract. FTIR analysis showed different peaks as: Alkyl halide-698.58/cm, Aromatic group-879/cm, Alcohol-1013.63/cm, Polysaccharides-1045.10/cm, Carboxylic acid-1436.15/cm, Amides-1515.01/cm and Aldehydes/ketones-2975.35/cm. It is concluded that Methanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum was found to have highest antibacterial, anti-biofilm and antioxidant potential thus its secondary metabolites are cost-effective candidates which can fuel the future pipeline for antibiotic discovery.