Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of PGLa-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays

Abstract

Objectives: This study investigated the antimicrobial effect and anti-inflammatory activities of PGLa-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTs) in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells.Methods: The surface morphology and roughness of three titanium (Ti) substrates (Ti, TiO2 NTs, PGLa-loaded TiO2 NTs) were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The wettability of three titanium substrates was evaluated by contact angle. Biocompatibility of PGLa-loaded TiO2 NTs were evaluated in MG-63 cells (cell adhesion, proliferation, cytoskeletal evaluation and alkaline phosphatase activity). Spread plate counting method was used to evaluate antibacterial abilities of the titanium substrates. The calcein AM/PI staining evaluated cell viability of MG-63 cells on the substrates with or without proinflammatory factors (TNF-α).Results: The average surface roughness of untreated Ti, TiO2 NTs, PGLa-loaded TiO2 NTs were found to be 135.8 ± 6.4 nm, 300.5 ± 10.5 nm, 348.9 ± 16.9 nm, respectively. The contact angle of the untreated Ti was 77.4° ± 6.6°. TiO2 NTs displayed excellent wettability which of contact angle was 12.1° ± 2.9°. The contact angle of the PGLa-loaded TiO2 NTs was 34.6° ± 4.9°. MG-63 cells on surface of PGLa-loaded TiO2 NTs showed better cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic activity. The antibacterial rate of PGLa-loaded TiO2 NTs group significantly increased (84.6% ± 5.5%, p < 0.05). The rate of dead cells on the surfaces of the PGLa-loaded TiO2 NTs with TNF-α decreased significantly (4.49% ± 0.02, p < 0.01).Conclusion: PGLa-loaded TiO2 NTs have multi-biofunctions including biocompatibility, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Y-Branched Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes as a Potential Antimicrobial Coating for Implants

“…Other researchers reported increased chondrocyte adhesion on NT surfaces, with in vivo biocompatibility studies in rats showing no chronic inflammation or fibrosis upon subcutaneous implantation. Moreover, in vivo studies on rabbit tibiae, confirmed that NT implants significantly enhanced the strength of the bone bond with surrounding tissues [8][9][10][11][12].…”