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MXene‐based hydrogels represent a significant advancement in biomedical material science, leveraging the unique properties of 2D MXenes and the versatile functionality of hydrogels. This review discusses recent developments in the integration of MXenes into hydrogel matrices, focusing on their biomedical applications such as wound healing, drug delivery, antimicrobial activity, tissue engineering, and biosensing. MXenes, due to their remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical robustness, and tunable surface chemistry, enhance the mechanical properties, conductivity, and responsiveness of hydrogels to environmental stimuli. Specifically, MXene‐based hydrogels have shown great promise in accelerating wound healing through photothermal effects, delivering drugs in a controlled manner, and serving as antibacterial agents. Their integration into hydrogels also enables applications in targeted cancer therapies, including photothermal and chemodynamic therapies, facilitated by their high conductivity and tunable properties. Despite the promising progress, challenges such as ensuring biocompatibility and optimizing the synthesis for large‐scale production remain. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of MXene‐based hydrogels in biomedical applications, highlighting the ongoing advancements and potential future directions for these multifunctional materials.
MXene‐based hydrogels represent a significant advancement in biomedical material science, leveraging the unique properties of 2D MXenes and the versatile functionality of hydrogels. This review discusses recent developments in the integration of MXenes into hydrogel matrices, focusing on their biomedical applications such as wound healing, drug delivery, antimicrobial activity, tissue engineering, and biosensing. MXenes, due to their remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical robustness, and tunable surface chemistry, enhance the mechanical properties, conductivity, and responsiveness of hydrogels to environmental stimuli. Specifically, MXene‐based hydrogels have shown great promise in accelerating wound healing through photothermal effects, delivering drugs in a controlled manner, and serving as antibacterial agents. Their integration into hydrogels also enables applications in targeted cancer therapies, including photothermal and chemodynamic therapies, facilitated by their high conductivity and tunable properties. Despite the promising progress, challenges such as ensuring biocompatibility and optimizing the synthesis for large‐scale production remain. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of MXene‐based hydrogels in biomedical applications, highlighting the ongoing advancements and potential future directions for these multifunctional materials.
How to integrate the "soft" (flexibility and self-healing properties) and "hard" (shape retention) into the supramolecular hydrogel system is an attractive challenge. In this work, a supramolecular hydrogel with an energy dissipation structure is designed and prepared for intelligent biomimetic skin. Lignin molecules with disulfide bonds of fracture and healing activities are introduced into the hydrogel system through covalent bonds. A large number of hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonds constitute the cross-linking structure of this supramolecular hydrogel. These supramolecular cross-linking structures endow the hydrogel with "soft" properties with 1200% of elongation at break and 92.5% of self-healing rate. The disulfide bonds between lignin macromolecules give the hydrogel with "hard" properties and can effectively absorb the work of external forces on the supramolecular hydrogel system, thus maintaining the chemical structure, shape, and resistivity. Furthermore, this supramolecular hydrogel shows good biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, tissue fluid removal properties, wound healing promoting properties, and sensing output characteristics. This covalent binding structure of biomass-based macromolecules and disulfide bonds has an important reference value for the design of supramolecular hydrogels with both "hard" and "soft" properties.
Bacterial-infected skin wounds are a severe global healthcare problem. Bacterial invasion and an immoderate inflammatory response are major obstacles in the wound healing process. To mitigate these issues, a multifunctional nanozyme hydrogel dressing (FeCu/S/OxC/G) was prepared by loading sodium nitroprusside and iron−copper nanoparticles into a hydrogel network that was made of sodium periodate oxidized chondroitin sulfate, gelatin, and borax. Owing to different types of dynamic bonds, including Schiff base bonds and hydrogen bonds, the hydrogel showed self-healing ability, good injectability, and excellent adhesive performance. In vitro results demonstrated that the FeCu/S/OxC/G + H 2 O 2 + NIR group exhibited a higher inactivation rate of Staphylococcus aureus and fewer biofilms than other groups, indicating the combined antibacterial effects of POD-like activity, nitric oxide, and photothermal therapy. In vivo results verified that FeCu/S/OxC/G hydrogel together with NIR laser irradiation could maximally increase the wound healing rate of S. aureus-infected mice via promoting epidermal formation, accelerating collagen deposition, and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors. This study provided a promising therapeutic strategy with combined antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects for wound healing.
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