Antibacterial and Antibiotic-Potentiation Activities of Levisticum officinale L. Extracts on Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Background: Multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have resistance to many antimicrobial compounds by multiple mechanisms including reduced outer membrane permeability, and active efflux mechanisms by efflux pumps. Objectives: The current study was planned to search the antibacterial activities of the ethanol and chloroform extracts of Levisticum officinale L., and their synergistic effects with ciprofloxacin against some Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria; also to analyze the extracts if they contain inhibitors of efflux pumps of the examined bacteria. Materials and Methods: After grinding, the resulting powder of Levisticum officinale L. was extracted with 85% ethanol and chloroform by maceration method. The studied microorganisms included the reference strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Broth micro-dilution methods were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts alone or in association with ciprofloxacin and phenylalanine-arginine-β-naphtylamide (PAβN) as an efflux pump inhibitor (EPI). The presumptive efflux activity was detected by the ethidium bromide (EB) well diffusion method. Results: MIC determination indicated that the Levisticum officinale L. extracts inhibited the growth of all the studied bacteria within

From Biostimulant to Possible Plant Bioprotectant Agents

“…The researchers attributed this activity, to the monoterpene compounds contained in the extracts, which play a role in the destruction of cellular biomembranes. Such degrading activity has been demonstrated against P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannie, Escherichia coli,and Salmonella enteritidis (Ebrahimi et al, 2017).…”

Types and Mechanisms of Efflux Pump Systems and the Potential of Efflux Pump Inhibitors in the Restoration of Antimicrobial Susceptibility, with a Special Reference to Acinetobacter baumannii

“…The EPI 2-(2-aminophenyl) indole, originally isolated from another terrestrial species of Streptomyces, IMTB-2501 [145], is now being used as the rational scaffold for chemically synthesizing various indole derivatives to improve efflux pump inhibitory potential for therapeutic use [146]. Similarly, the findings from another microbial realm, Actinomycetes, are encouraging, showing high potential for new chemical scaffolds for EPI discovery [147]. Recently, the scaffold of the quinoline class has also been investigated as a microbial EPI [148].…”