Antibacterial and antioxidant double-layered nanofibrous mat promotes wound healing in diabetic rats

Abstract

Diabetic wounds are problematic to heal owing to microbial infections as well as decreased proliferation and high concentrations of reactive oxygen species. In this study, a double-layered nanofibrous mat containing grape seed extract (GSE) and silver sulfadiazine (SSD) was fabricated. A synthetic biodegradable polymer, e.g., polycaprolactone (PCL), and a natural material (i.e., collagen) were employed as wound dressing substances. The results showed that GSE possesses antioxidant activity which can be helpful in reducing free radicals. The platform exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The double-layered nanofibrous mat containing GSE and SSD not only was not toxic but also amplified the cell proliferation compared to a pure mat, showing the effect of plant extract. After induction of a round wound, the animals were divided into three groups, namely (1) normal group (receiving + GSE/-GSE nanofiber), (2) diabetic group (receiving + GSE/-GSE nanofiber), and (3) control group (receiving gauze). In vivo evaluation demonstrated no significant differences in the healing process of normal rats. Surprisingly, fully repaired skin was observed on day 14 in the double-layered nanofibrous mat containing GSE in the normal and diabetic groups whereas the wound of diabetic rats treated with pure mat was not completely healed. The macroscopic and microscopic results after 14 days showed the following order in wound repair: Normal/ + GES > Diabetic/ + GSE > Normal/-GES > Diabetic/-GSE > control (with gauze) (p < 0.05). Accordingly, the double-layered nanofibrous mat containing GSE and SSD used in the present study could be considered as a suitable wound dressing in order to shorten healing time and prevent infection during the wound healing process.

Cellular Patterns of the Skin Microenvironment in Experimentally Induced Diabetes Mellitus

“…In the diabetic group analysed in the present research, corne-ocyte surface area tended to increase above the control level, with an increase in the num-ber of keratinocytes in the stratum corneum (Figure 1). These results suggested that the turnover of epidermal cells in experimentally induced diabetic mice has a tendency to slow down (Figure 4) [17][18][19][20].…”

“…Our study is individualized by the identification of morphological lesions and cellu-lar features in the diabetic tegument, which have both functional and etiopathogenic implications for the healing of subsequent lesions [8,[14][15][16][17][18].…”

Pomegranate Polyphenol-Derived Injectable Therapeutic Hydrogels to Enhance Neuronal Regeneration

“…Considering the therapeutic efficiency of PC for the treatment of numerous diseases, such as oxidative stress-induced brain injuries, cancer, and wounds, , the PCgels can be useful as a therapeutic injectable filler for brain tissue. For that, initial burst release of the PC from the hydrogels can be effective for protection of the neuronal cells against oxidative stress through rapid ROS clearance and less inflammation at the early stage of the disease. , The release kinetics of the drugs encapsulated in the hydrogel network can be tuned by polymeric crosslinking density and its swelling behavior. Therefore, we examined that all our PCgels were shear-thinning, and no significant changes in viscoelasticity of the hydrogels were observed even after the addition of collagen and encapsulation of PC (Figure S3a–c).…”

Applying in-situ visible photopolymerization for fabrication of electrospun nanofibrous carrier for meloxicam delivery

“…As studies have shown, electrospinning is a versatile and simple method to fabricate micro and nanofibers in different forms. Additionally, synthetic and natural polymers and hybrid materials can be electrospun into micro and nanofibers 4 , 5 . Electrospinning techniques possess numerous usages in the manufacturing of filters, soft tissue prosthetics, tissue engineering scaffolds, reinforced composites, porous electrodes for battery separators, protective garments, and controlled drug delivery 6 .…”