Antibacterial and Insecticidal Activities of the Revived Azoanthrols

Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel anthracene heterocycles derivatives

“…MIC and MBC of 0.159 and 0.882 mg/mL were enough for MRSA, respectively. The antibacterial effect of these compounds may be due to the presence of chloro atom [ 24 ] and pyrrole in compound (3a) , chromene [ 25 ] and pyrrole moieties in compound (6) , and presence of two anthracene rings [ 26 ] in addition to cyano group, and pyrrole ring in compound (7) . The greatest efficacy of compound (6) compared with compounds (3a) and (7) may be due to the presence of chromene moiety.…”

“…Compounds (3b) , (3c) , and (12) showed antagonistic effect only against E coli with MIC and MBC of 3.8, 1.848, and 0.644 mg/mL, respectively. This could be due to the presence of phenol ring [ 26 ] in addition to cyano group and pyrrole ring in compound (3b) . For compound (3c) , the antibacterial effect is due to the presence of nitro group [ 28 ] in addition to cyano group and pyrrole ring.…”

Anthrone‐Benzothiazole Based Heterocyclic Disperse Azo Dyes: Synthesis, Dyeing, UV Protection Property, Anti‐Bacterial Activity, and Computational Study

“…Anthrone derivatives possess biological activity, [20,21] and they are desirable couplers for azo dyes with biological activities. [25,26] Azo dyes based on anthrone and diazotized amino benzothiazole are likely to have biological activities.…”

“…From the active methylene, a proton can be easily removed to form a carbanion, which can undergo Michael addition and Knoevenagel condensation reactions [19–23] . The presence of carbonyl and active methylene groups makes the molecule tautomerize, and hence anthrone can be used as a coupler in a diazo‐coupling reaction [20,24–26] . Formylation of anthrone gives 10‐hydroxyanthracene‐9‐carbaldehyde, which was used for Knoevenagel condensation with hetero arylidene derivatives giving hetero‐arylidene‐9(10H)‐anthrone products [19,20] .…”

“…Due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding and possible keto‐enol tautomerization, anthrone based azo dyes show equilibrium between azo and hydrazone forms [28] . The hydrazone form of azo dyes exist in the solid state [20,24–26] . In the solvent phase, an enol‐azo form of anthrone based azo dyes is affected by the external environment, such as solvent polarity and pH [27–29] .…”