Antibacterial and osteogenic carbon quantum dots for regeneration of bone defects infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria

luminescent, and low-cost substances seems to be the optimal strategy to produce fluorescent silk. [9][10][11] Carbon dots (CDs) are the most competitive candidates for the above target, because they have shown outstanding biocompatibility and superior fluorescence in previous research such as bioimaging, [12,13] drug delivery, [14,15] and photothermal therapy. [16,17] In fact, many CDs are made from biomass, which guarantees the biosafety, low price, and green chemistry in CDs production. [18] In comparison with fluorescent organic dyes, rare earth nanoparticles, and semiconductor quantum dots, CDs would be the optimal choice for feeding silkworms. In 2019, blue-emissive CDs were first employed to feed silkworms, which produced blue-emissive silk with enhanced mechanical properties. [19] In the same year, blue-emissive CDs, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, and rhodamine were fed to silkworms which produced the corresponding blue, green and red fluorescent silk, respectively. [20] By far, CDs-derived fluorescent silk with longer emission wavelengths has not been reported yet. The reasons lie in the state of the art for CDs. On one hand, there are only a few reports about red-emissive CDs with both high quantum yield (QY) and narrow emission peaks, and even fewer red-emissive CDs that could be made in a large scale at low cost. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] On the other, hydrophilic CDs are quickly discharged from the silkworm body and are not suitable for dyeing silkworms, while hydrophobic CDs are apt to accumulate excessively in the body and cause serious harm to silkworms, [10] because most of the hydrophobic CDs are made from aromatic compounds at present. [31,36] Therefore, it is really a challenge to synthesize hydrophobic red-emissive CDs from cheap biomass, which must adhere to the body and the silk of silkworms safely for a long time.After screening many routes and carbon sources, we find a green and sustainable approach to prepare deep-red-emissive CDs (R-CDs) from mulberry leaves. The as-prepared CDs have a main emission peak at 676 nm with a shoulder at 725 nm, possessing an full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 20 nm and QY of 73%. They are the brightest deep-red-emissive CDs so far to our knowledge. Since their strong red fluorescence can be observed by naked eyes under a wide range of excitation wavelengths from UV to red, even in the sunlight, the R-CDs-fed silkworms can be monitored under the visible light irradiation safely. During several months' observation, these R-CDs-fed Fluorescent silk has promising applications in dazzling textiles, biological engineering, and medical products, but the natural Bombyx mori silk has almost no fluorescence. Here carbon dots (CDs) made from mulberry leaves are reported, which have a strong near-infrared fluorescence with absolute quantum yield of 73% and a full width at half maximum of 20 nm. After feeding with such CDs, silkworms exhibit bright red fluorescence, grow healthily, cocoon normally, and turn to moths finally. The cocoons are ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mulberry‐Leaves‐Derived Red‐Emissive Carbon Dots for Feeding Silkworms to Produce Brightly Fluorescent Silk

2022

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“…CDs show enormous potential as antibacterial agents due to their easy functionalization with antibacterial functional groups or controllable surface charge (Figure 7a). [213][214][215] By controlling the surface charge and functional properties, the affinity, specificity and antibacterial properties of the CDs can be precisely controlled.…”

Section: Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots in Bioimaging, Biosensing and Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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“…In addition to biomass, nitrogen-doped CDs can also be prepared from nitrogenous compounds such as proteins [ 40 ], amino acids [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], natural amines [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], quaternized compounds [ 48 , 49 ], polyethyleneimine (PEI) [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], diethylenetriamine (DETA) [ 45 , 54 ], 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)-bis(ethylamine) [ 55 ], p -phenylenediamine [ 56 ], and m -phenylenediamine [ 57 ] for antimicrobial purposes.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides proteins and amino acids, other natural amines have been explored as precursors to construct antimicrobial CDs, such as histamine [ 45 ], cadaverine [ 45 ], putrescine dihydrochloride [ 45 ], spermine tetrahydrochloride [ 45 ], L-glutathione [ 46 ], and spermidine [ 47 ]. As an example, Hao et al prepared positively charged CQDs (PC-CQDs) from citric acid and L-glutathione ( Figure 2 C) [ 46 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots for Killing Microorganisms: An Update since 2019

Lin

Wang

2022

Pharmaceuticals

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Frequent bacterial/fungal infections and occurrence of antibiotic resistance pose increasing threats to the public and thus require the development of new antibacterial/antifungal agents and strategies. Carbon dots (CDs) have been well demonstrated to be promising and potent antimicrobial nanomaterials and serve as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. In recent years, great efforts have been made by many researchers to develop new carbon dot-based antimicrobial agents to combat microbial infections. Here, as an update to our previous relevant review (C 2019, 5, 33), we summarize the recent achievements in the utilization of CDs for microbial inactivation. We review four kinds of antimicrobial CDs including nitrogen-doped CDs, metal-containing CDs, antibiotic-conjugated CDs, and photoresponsive CDs in terms of their starting materials, synthetic route, surface functionalization, antimicrobial ability, and the related antimicrobial mechanism if available. In addition, we summarize the emerging applications of CD-related antimicrobial materials in medical and industry fields. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges of antimicrobial CDs and the future research directions that are worth exploring. We believe that this review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in antimicrobial CDs and may inspire the development of new CDs with desirable antimicrobial activities.

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Antibacterial and osteogenic carbon quantum dots for regeneration of bone defects infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria

Cited by 51 publications

References 57 publications

Mulberry‐Leaves‐Derived Red‐Emissive Carbon Dots for Feeding Silkworms to Produce Brightly Fluorescent Silk

Mulberry‐Leaves‐Derived Red‐Emissive Carbon Dots for Feeding Silkworms to Produce Brightly Fluorescent Silk

Carbon Dots in Bioimaging, Biosensing and Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review

Carbon Dots for Killing Microorganisms: An Update since 2019

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