Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Aegle marmelos and Murraya koenigii in dairy cows with endometritis

Background and Aim: Postpartum uterine infectious diseases, such as pyometra, have discrepancy with both health and, subsequently, productivity of dairy cows due to its high prevalence and the high cost of treatment. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of pyometra on the reproductive indices, the metabolic profile, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters of the pyometric animal compared to those of healthy ones. Materials and Methods: The study included 30 cows. The animals were differentiated into two groups of 15 cows each: A group of pyometra and a control group. All pyometric cows were subjected to breeding soundness examination after the end of pyometra and were compared to the control group. Blood samples were obtained to assess the levels of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, albumin, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus, sodium, potassium, progesterone hormone (P4), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase. Results: Results revealed significant prolonged duration of first estrus, the days open, and the required number of services due to pyometra. The pyometra group yielded increased levels of NEFA, TGs, ALP, BUN, creatinine, MDA, and progesterone hormone. In addition, significant decrease in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, albumin, Ca, phosphorus, sodium, TAC, GPx, and superoxide dismutase was observed in the pyometra group. Finally, no difference in the concentrations of total protein, ALT, AST, and potassium was observed in the pyometra group. Conclusion: The reproductive indices was adversely influenced in cows with postpartum pyometra, and metabolic profile, involving energy balance signals and liver function indicators, revealed differences between the two groups. Increased levels of oxidative stress parameters and decrease levels of antioxidant levels were also found, suggesting that pyometra is an incentive for oxidative stress. Overall, checking the energy balance, metabolic imbalances, and oxidant/antioxidant profile, accompanied with pre-emptive procedures during the postpartum period, is essential and can reduce the chances of such diseases and possible noxious results in highly productive cows.

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“…Results in this study are consistent with those observed in the previous studies noting a decrease in SOD in uterine infection cases [42,63].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The deleterious effect of postpartum pyometra on the reproductive indices, the metabolic profile, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters of dairy cows

et al. 2021

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“…In particular, MDA and estradiol levels decreased, whereas TAC and progesterone levels increased progressively to 21 d post-treatment. A further therapeutic approach evaluated the effect of natural extracts, such as Aegle marmelos and Murraya koenigii , on endometritis in dairy cows [ 150 ]. Both treatments significantly decreased the bacterial load and PMN cell count, and affected the oxidative parameters by decreasing MDA and increasing ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione (R-GSH), and TAC; SOD only showed a tendential increase.…”

Section: Exploiting Oxidative and Metabolic Stress And Inflammatory M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Endometritis: Exploiting Knowledge Gained in Mares and Cows

Boni

Gualandi

2022

Animals

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The etiopathogenesis of endometritis in mares and cows differs significantly; this could depend on a different sensitivity and reactivity of the uterus but also on endocrine and rearing factors and different stress sources. In both species, microorganisms and the immune system play a primary role in the generation of this pathology. Microbiological and cytological tests support clinical examination and significantly improve diagnostic accuracy. For both species, during the inflammation, immune cells invade the endometrium and release bioactive substances to contrast primary or secondary pathogen contamination. These molecules are traceable to cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), collectively known as RONS. The RONS-mediated oxidation causes morphological and functional alterations of macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, with the consequent production of derivative compounds capable of playing harmful effects. These bioactive molecules and by-products, which have recently become increasingly popular as diagnostic biomarkers, enter the bloodstream, influencing the functionality of organs and tissues. This review has collected and compared information obtained in cows and mares related to the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers that are assessed by using different methods in samples from either blood plasma or uterine fluid.

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“…Based on the in-vitro anti-bacterial sensitivity, the study showed rays of hope for the future in-vivo antibacterial potential of A. marmelos and M. koenigii for the treatment of bacterial endometritis. In an another study Rautela et al, (2018), investigated the antibacterial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of leaves of A. marmelos and M. koenigii in 16 repeat breeder cows due to endometritis. The diagnosis was confirmed by endometrial cytology using >5% polymorphonuclear (PMN) as the cut-off point.…”

Section: Endometritismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herbal combinations might exhibit significant effects as a result of synergistic or additive actions of their active principles (Ramteke et al, 2008). Aegle marmelos (bel) and Murraya koenigii (curry), medicinal plants have currently drawnmany research attention for various reproductive ailments in farm animals (Mehrotra, 2002;Jondhale, 2007;Kumar, 2008, Dutt et al, 2010Kumar et al, 2016;Kumawat et al, 2016;Rautela et al, 2017Rautela et al, , 2018. Individually the medicinal plants M. koenigii (Mehrotra, 2002) and A. marmelos (Jondhale, 2007 andKumar, 2008) and in combination (Dutt et al, 2010;Kumar et al, 2016;Baitule et al, 2016) have been used to augment the reproductive function in laboratory rats and anestrus goats, cattle/buffalo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Uses of Murraya koenigii and Aegle marmelos for Fertility Augmentation in Animals: A Review

Dutt¹,

Dalal²,

Singh³

et al. 2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Aegle marmelos and Murraya koenigii in dairy cows with endometritis

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

The deleterious effect of postpartum pyometra on the reproductive indices, the metabolic profile, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters of dairy cows

The deleterious effect of postpartum pyometra on the reproductive indices, the metabolic profile, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters of dairy cows

Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Endometritis: Exploiting Knowledge Gained in Mares and Cows

Medicinal Uses of Murraya koenigii and Aegle marmelos for Fertility Augmentation in Animals: A Review

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