Antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties of Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kuetz

Abstract

Background: Cancer causes leading death in the world population due to exposure of various carcinogenic/mutagenic agents, radiation and life style. There are 2.6 million new cases diagnosed each year. Therefore, the objective is aimed to study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of solvent fractions of ethanolic extract of T. conoides and its anticancer activity also evaluated by analyzing cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cell line. Methods: Antibacterial activity was done by disc diffusion method and expressed as in millimeter diameter of zone inhibition. Antioxidant activity was done by ABTS radical assay, superoxide radical assay, iron chelation and uric acid formation inhibitory assays. The cytotoxicity efficacy was estimated using MTT assay. Annexin-V FITC kit was used to estimate the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by flowcytometer. Morphological changes of cell through alteration of nuclear content and mitochondrial membrane potential were also examined using Hoechst and JC1 stains under fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Results: Highest antibacterial activity, TAA and RAA were found in EAF followed by DMF, HF and AF. Cytotoxicity of EAF was found to be 67% at 24 h and 83% at 48 h over the standard of quercetin (86% at 48 h). The cancer cells were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the proliferative G0/G1 phase where as significantly decreased in the S phase. Hence, treatment with T. conoides fraction showed statistically (p < 0.05) significant increase of apoptotic cells than that of quercetin standard (32%, 80 μg/mL). The apoptotic cell formation might be due to the change of nuclear content and mitochondrial membrane potential were further confirmed in HepG2 cells under fluorescence microscopy. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction of T. conoides showed highest antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activity through exhibiting synergistic effects over the respective standard compounds.

Nematicidal Properties of Methanolic Extracts of Two Marine Algae against Tomato Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

“…Such a process is represented by some of the biological defense mechanisms in plants. These findings agree with those reported by Ponnan et al, (2017) who investigated that seaweeds could be used as fertilizer and pesticide. Nabanita et al, (2010) reported that most of the common phytochemicals are present in T. conoides.…”

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“…In the present study, with increasing polarity, three organic solvents like hexane < ethyl acetate < methanol along with the water used for the extraction of crude extracts from three different species of marine algae. In the case of Turbinaria conoide highest antibacterial activity was exhibited in ethanol extract, which was comparable to the standard, Streptomycin against Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15 . There was no anti-bacterial, activity shown in Methanol extract of Sargassum vulgare against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 16 .…”

Metabolites from Marine Microorganisms, Micro, and Macroalgae: Immense Scope for Pharmacology

“…Sodium alginate (Figure 4J) obtained from brown seaweeds has shown antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties [132]. The anticancer activity was evaluated by analyzing the effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis induction on HepG2 cells [133]. Furthermore, several studies validated the apoptosis induction ability of fucoidans in various tumor cell lines, including melanoma cells, colon cancer, lymphoma, and breast cancer cells [134].…”