Antibacterial Bio-Based Polymers for Cranio-Maxillofacial Regeneration Applications

Abstract

Cranio-maxillofacial structure is a region of particular interest in the field of regenerative medicine due to both its anatomical complexity and the numerous abnormalities affecting this area. However, this anatomical complexity is what makes possible the coexistence of different microbial ecosystems in the oral cavity and the maxillofacial region, contributing to the increased risk of bacterial infections. In this regard, different materials have been used for their application in this field. These materials can be obtained from natural and renewable feedstocks, or by synthetic routes with desired mechanical properties, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. Hence, in this review, we have focused on bio-based polymers which, by their own nature, by chemical modifications of their structure, or by their combination with other elements, provide a useful antibacterial activity as well as the suitable conditions for cranio-maxillofacial tissue regeneration. This approach has not been reviewed previously, and we have specifically arranged the content of this article according to the resulting material and its corresponding application; we review guided bone regeneration membranes, bone cements and devices and scaffolds for both soft and hard maxillofacial tissue regeneration, including hybrid scaffolds, dental implants, hydrogels and composites.

Development of Si doped nano hydroxyapatite reinforced bilayer chitosan nanocomposite barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration

“…In literature, chitosan is known to inhibit some Gram-negative and Gram- positive bacteria such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus mutans, thus it is considered as a good biopolymer source as biomaterial in maxillofacial GBR applications. In addition, chitosan shows synergistical antibacterial affect when blended with other biopolymers [40]. In literature, Sutha and co-workers investigated the antimicrobial activity of silicon integrated hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite coated on stainless steel implants.…”

Antimicrobials in Dentistry

“…Advances in the field of biomaterials have led to excellent materials that are clinically used to repair and restore the function of tooth tissue due to loss or disease. Among others, natural polymers such as chitosan, peptides and some biobased polyesters show promising potential for the reconstruction of damaged or lost tissue, especially when infections impair their regenerative processes [9]. However, the propensity of the formation of biofilms in the oral environment necessitates designing synthetic materials with complex functionalities such as antimicrobial and remineralising capacities.…”

Biobased Itaconate Polyester Thermoset with Tunable Mechanical Properties

“…The reliance on petroleum-based precursors in the polymer industry, yielding an annual production of 400 million tons of synthetic polymers and contributing to widespread plastic pollution in oceans and landfills, necessitates the urgent exploration of eco-friendly alternatives. − Biobased materials derived from starch, cellulose, protein, silk, and natural rubber have shown promise in various fields, − but they encounter challenges related to storage, spoilage, and inconsistent properties due to batch-to-batch inhomogeneities . In response, synthetic biobased polymers like polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and polybutylene succinate (PBS) offer better control of properties and reproducibility.…”

“…1−3 Biobased materials derived from starch, cellulose, protein, silk, and natural rubber have shown promise in various fields, 4−9 but they encounter challenges related to storage, spoilage, and inconsistent properties due to batch-to-batch inhomogeneities. 10 In response, synthetic biobased polymers like polylactic acid (PLA), 11 polycaprolactone (PCL), 12 polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), 13 and polybutylene succinate (PBS) 14 offer better control of properties and reproducibility. However, their intricate synthesis involving toxic solvents or catalysts and the need for fillers to tune properties hamper eco-friendly adoption.…”