Cancer is one of the most life-threatening types of diseases. Various agents, such as chemical drugs, oligonucleotides, and bioactive proteins, are developed for cancer treatment. Due to the unsatisfied outcomes of treatment relying on single anticancer agent, more studies are focused on developing regimens for combination therapy. Nowadays, nanoparticle (NP) based drug carriers have shown great potential to increase the anticancer agent efficacy as they are able to provide protection during circulation and improve tumour site accumulation via targeting delivery. Moreover, a proper NP-based carrier can deliver multiple anticancer agents with the similar efficacy for combinational treatment of tumours. This Ph.D. project aims to engineer lipid-coated calcium carbonate/phosphate (LCCP) hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), with optimised Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor team. I'd like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor Prof. Zhi Ping (Gordon) Xu for all the intellectual support and guidance. Great thanks to Gordon for all the critical thinking, cautious attitude, and practical knowledge I've learned from him during the 4 year Ph.D. time, and the friendly guide to my career development. It's a great honour to have such a wise intellectual as my supervisor. Also, I would like to express fully gratitude to my co-supervisor Dr Wenyi Gu for his kind help in my PhD research work. Many thanks to Dr Gu for his help in scientific thinking and paper design. It's very lucky and grateful to have such a knowledgeable mind in my supervisor team.