“…As a natural fabric, cotton fabric has been popular with people because of its superior comfort, breathability, and hygroscopicity compared with synthetic fabrics, and is frequently used as underwear (Li et al 2020). However, the porous structure of the cotton fabric can support bacterial growth, which harms human health (Zhou et al 2021). In recent years, N-halamines stand out from many traditional antibacterial agents through their advantages of rapid inactivation, broad-spectrum antibacterial, longterm stability, renewable antibacterial properties, and safety for humans and the environment, and it has received more and more attention from researchers (Dong et al 2017).…”