Antibacterial Efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides on Salmonella Species Isolated from Suspected Typhoid Fever Patients in Akure Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

Aim:The study aimed at assessing the antibacterial efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides on Salmonella species isolated from suspected typhoid fever patients in Akure metropolis, Nigeria. Study Design: The study evaluated the prospective use of Ageratum conyzoides as an alternative to commonly used drugs in the treatment of salmonellosis and gastroenteritis. Place and Duration of Study: Five selected hospitals within Akure metropolis in Ondo State, Nigeria were used for the study which was conducted between June and September, 2015. Methodology: Two hundred (200) blood samples collected from presumptive typhoid fever patients attending selected Hospitals in Akure metropolis were screened, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were isolated from them. Plant used (Ageratum conyzoides Linn) was collected from Ologede Street in Oda road, Akure, Nigeria.

In vitro analysis of antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of crude extracts of selected plants against the tomato wilt disease

“…Literature confirms that E. tirucalli extracts contain alkaloids, tannins, and phenols, all of which form the basis of its strong antimicrobial activities (Sugukumar et al, 2010). The presence of flavonoids and steroids as key phytoconstituents in E. tirucalli extracts is also reported by Ajayi et al (2016), making its extracts to be highly potent to microbial cells. Flavonoids, for instance, effectively inhibit bacterial growth due to its ability to form complexes with the extracellular cell wall proteins, thereby disrupting microbial membranes (Hemandez et al, 2000).…”

“…These results are also comparable to those obtained by other researchers, that demonstrated the presence of these phytocompounds in A. conyzoides (Amadi et al, 2002;Borkataky et al, 2013). More recently, it was also demonstrated that A. conyzoides extracts contained alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins with means of 25.23, 11.80, 1.68, 3.48 and 20.73 mg g -1 , respectively (Ajayi et al, 2016). Although these means are relatively higher than what was recorded in the present study, these differences can be attributed to geographical locational differences of the plants which have been shown to impact on the types and quantities of phytocompounds (Vallejo et al, 2003;Badoni et al, 2009;Gupta et al, 2011).…”

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“…The highest zone of inhibition was however observed for the hexane extract at a concentration 100 mg/ ml for Salmonella Typhimurium and the least with methanol extract at 12.5 mg/ml. [57]…”

Upgrading Indonesian Local Ethnomedicinal Knowledge with Molecular Phylogenetics

“…They can also be utilized as antibacterial against Salmonella sp. [51], rheumatoid arthritis in mice (preclinical) [52], antifungal [53], stress reducer in koi fishes [54], herbicide against weed Cyperus rotundus [55], anticancer in HeLa cells (in vitro) [56] also antidiabetic property in mice [57]. Phytochemical studies were validating the presence of saponins, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins [58], also various essential oils in the class of Terpenes, Coumarins, and Chromeno [54].…”