Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study

Abstract

AimThis study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of the formulated Punica granatum (PG) gel against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus casei.Materials and methodsThe PG extract was dissolved in water at 500 mg/mL. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for identification and quantification of chemical marker punicalagin. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay (TKA) were investigated. Antibacterial activities of the formulated PG gel, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and blank gel were tested by measuring the zones of inhibition through agar well diffusion method.ResultsThe HPLC results showed presence of punicalagin at 2023.58 ± 25.29 pg/mL in the aqueous PG extract and at 0.234% (w/w) in the formulated PG gel. The MBC for S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei were 250, 125, and 500 mg/mL respectively. The TKA of 500 mg/mL aqueous PG extract showed total inhibition of S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei at 6, 1, and 24 hours contact time respectively. Agar well diffusion revealed that for S. mutans, CHX gel > PG gel > blank gel; for S. sanguinis, CHX gel = PG gel > blank gel; for L. casei, CHX gel > PG gel = blank gel. Comparison of the PG gel potency showed that S. sanguinis = S. mutans > L. casei.ConclusionThe PG gel equivalent to 0.234% punicalagin (w/w) inhibited S. mutans and S. sanguinis but not L. casei within 24 hours incubation period and has the potential to be used for caries prevention.How to cite this articleMillo G, Juntavee A, Ratanathongkam A, Nualkaew N, Peerapattana J, Chatchiwiwattana S. Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):152-157.

Comparison of Efficacy of Cannabinoids versus Commercial Oral Care Products in Reducing Bacterial Content from Dental Plaque: A Preliminary Observation

“…Arrays of antimicrobial agents are available in the market, such as chlorhexidine digluconate, which is the golden standard for an antimicrobial agent and others such as Colgate and Oral B. Along with the commercially available agents for reducing bacterial content of dental plaque, several natural herbal extracts, such as pomegranate, algae, triphala, tulsipatra, neem, aloe vera, and cinnamon, have been reported to be effective against dental plaque bacteria [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Similarly, cannabinoids extracted from cannabis has been reported to have potential antimicrobial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species [10][11][12].…”

Isolation of punicalagin from Punica granatum rind extract using mass-directed semi-preparative ESI-AP single quadrupole LC-MS

“…The fruit of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) has been used as a healthy and healing fruit for many years. It has long been used in Middle Eastern and Chinese medicine for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory [5] bactericidal [6] and virucidal [7] properties. The phytochemicals constituents of pomegranates include many chemical species including sugars, flavonoids, anthocyanin, tannins, [8] and can be obtained from most parts of the fruit but the exocarp, or rind, has been shown to contain the highest concentration of polyphenols.…”

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Treatment with Mother Juices and Their Single Compounds as Photosensitizers

“…However, other compounds such as phloretin, punigratane, and coutaric acid occurring in trace amounts in the pomegranate showed even higher microbicide effects and may contribute to the overall antibacterial effect [21]. A gel equivalent to 0.234% punicalagin inhibited S. mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis but not Lactobacillus casei within 24 h of incubation in vitro [22].…”