Antibacterial Peptides Produced by Alcalase from Cowpea Seed Proteins

Abstract

Cowpea seed protein hydrolysates (CPH) were output from cowpea seeds applying alcalase® from Bacillus licheniformis. CPH with an elevated level of hydrolysis was fractionated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Both CPH and SEC-portions showed to contain antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as they inhibited both Gram-positive bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes LMG10470 (L. monocytogenes), Listeria innocua. LMG11387 (L. innocua), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (S.aureus), and Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC19615 (St.pyogenes), and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pnemoniae ATCC43816 (K. pnemoniae), Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC26853 (P. aeroginosa), Escherichia coli ATCC25468) (E.coli) and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC14028 (S. typhimurium).The data exhibited that both CPH and size exclusion chromatography-fraction 1 (SEC-F1) showed high antibacterial efficiency versus almost all the assessed bacteria. The MIC of the AMPs within SEC-F1 and CPHs were (25 µg/mL) against P. aeruginosa, E.coli and St. pyogenes. However, higher MICsof approximately 100–150 µg/mL showed for both CPHs and SEC-F1 against both S. aureus and L. innocua; it was 50 µg/mL of CPH against S.aureus. The Electro-spray-ionization-mass-spectrometry (ESI-MS) of fraction (1) revealed 10 dipeptides with a molecular masses arranged from 184 Da to 364 Da and one Penta peptide with a molecular mass of approximately 659 Da inthe case of positive ions. While the negative ions showed 4 dipeptides with the molecular masses that arranged from 330 Da to 373 Da. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) demonstrated that the SEC-F1 induced changes in the bacterial cells affected. Thus, the results suggested that the hydrolysis of cowpea seed proteins by Alcalase is an uncomplicated appliance to intensify its antibacterial efficiency.

Silver-Protein Nanocomposites as Antimicrobial Agents

“…The relative amounts of polar acidic, basic, and hydrophobic amino acids in FNP represent about 31.6, 14.3, and 28.5% against 33, 26.5, and 36.33% in MNP, respectively [55,56]. The antibacterial activity of the native protein may be due to its content of positively charged cationic and hydrophobic residues of amino acids [57][58][59][60]. The MICs of FNP and MNP were recorded between 5000 and 10,000 µg/mL.…”

The Healing Capability of Clove Flower Extract (CFE) in Streptozotocin-Induced (STZ-Induced) Diabetic Rat Wounds Infected with Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

“…A total of about 64 bacterial isolates were obtained. All of these isolates were assayed for antibiotic sensitivity using 13 antibiotics that assimilate 7 antibiotic types such as cephalosporines, polymexins, penicillins, fluroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and sulphonamides [ 19 , 20 , 69 ]. Results were taken according to CLSI [ 70 ].…”

“…MDR- P. mirabilis is one of the most prevalent microbes to exist in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) [ 12 ]. There is a vast need to search for other innovative therapies based on using natural plant extract either singly or in combination with antibiotics [ 11 ], probiotics [ 3 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], natural and modified proteins [ 18 , 19 ], nanoparticles [ 20 ], and phage therapy [ 21 ].…”

Antioxidative and antimicrobial properties of pulse proteins and their applications in gluten‐free foods and sports nutrition

“…Peptides derived after enzymatic hydrolysis also exhibited activities against broad range of microorganisms (Table 2). Proteins/peptides from cowpea and lupine were evaluated for antimicrobial activities and ability to reduce microbial growth in meat products by Osman et al (2016), Abdel-Shafi et al (2019) and Osman et al (2021). The proteins had antibacterial activities against Gram-positive as well as negative bacteria (including, Listeria monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Salmonella) at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10-200 µg mL À1 for cowpea proteins and 100 µg mL À1 for lupine protein hydrolysate and compared well with soybean proteins/peptides (50-1000 µg mL À1 ) and medicinal plant extracts (8-512 000 µg mL À1 ) for MIC (Bussmann et al, 2010;Sitohy et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2017).…”

“…(2019) and Osman et al . (2021). The proteins had antibacterial activities against Gram‐positive as well as negative bacteria (including, Listeria monocytogenes , L. ivanovii , S. aureus , Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia , P. aeruginosa , E. coli and Salmonella ) at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10–200 µg mL −1 for cowpea proteins and 100 µg mL −1 for lupine protein hydrolysate and compared well with soybean proteins/peptides (50–1000 µg mL −1 ) and medicinal plant extracts (8–512 000 µg mL −1 ) for MIC (Bussmann et al ., 2010; Sitohy et al ., 2012; Zhao et al ., 2017).…”