Antibacterial potential of essential oils of Zataria multiflora and Mentha piperita, micro- and nano-formulated forms

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) shave many usages in health and medicine, such as anti- bacterial agents. The aim of this study was the improvement of antibacterial activities of two EOs using nanotechnology. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity was investigated on four important human pathogenic bacteria using the
 96-well plate microdilution method, a quantitative approach. Eleven formulations were prepared using each of the EOs. Eventually, the best nanoformulation with the smallest particle size and polydispersive indices (PDI and SPAN) was selected using each EO for further investigations. Moreover, two microemulsions with similar ingredients and the same portion in comparison with two selected nanoemulsions were also prepared. Antibacterial activity of each EO was compared with its micro- and nano-emulsions.
 Results: The antibacterial efficacy of Zataria multiflora EO (ZMEO) was significantly better than Mentha piperita EO (MPEO). Besides, the antibacterial activity of nanoemulsion of ZMEO with a particle size of 129 ± 12 nm was significantly better than no- and micro-formulated forms of ZMEO. Interestingly, the efficiency of MPEO nanoemulsion (160 ± 25 nm) was also significantly better than MPEO and its micro-formulated form.
 Conclusion: Regardless of the intrinsic antibacterial property of two examined EOs, by formulating to nanoemulsion, their
 efficiencies were improved. Nanoemulsion of ZMEO introduced as an inexpensive, potent and green antibacterial agent.

Comparison of the Antimicrobial Effect of Zataria Multiflora Essence and Deconex Surface on Microbial Load of Emergency Ambulances

“…27 According to Osanloo et al carvacrol and thymol are the main components of ZM which produce antimicrobial effects against fungus, E. coli , and S. aureus Zomorodian supported the idea of using ZM in mouthwashes and denture cleansers since they show high efficacy in inhibiting microbial strains. 28…”

“…27 According to Osanloo et al carvacrol and thymol are the main components of ZM which produce antimicrobial effects against fungus, E. coli, and S. aureus Zomorodian supported the idea of using ZM in mouthwashes and denture cleansers since they show high efficacy in inhibiting microbial strains. 28 In the present study, only a concentration of .1% Zataria multiflora was used and other concentrations were not examined. Another study shows that Zataria multiflora extract in 1% and .1% concentrations eliminated C. Albicans and S. Mutans on elastomeric ligatures.…”

High anticancer efficacy of solid lipid nanoparticles containing Zataria multiflora essential oil against breast cancer and melanoma cell lines

“…For example, Nasseri et al prepared ZMSLN with a particle size of 255 ± 3 nm to improve and control antifungal efficiency in some fungal pathogens [ 47 ]. In our previous study, antibacterial activity increased by reducing the particle size of two EOs of Zataria multiflora and Mentha piperita [ 48 ]. In addition, the leishmanicidal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO against Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major was increased when size was reduced to the nanoscale range, 52 ± 4 nm [ 18 ].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of <i>Citrus limonum</i> Essential Oil Based Nanoemulsion and Its Enhanced Antioxidant Activity with Stability for Transdermal Application

“…The thermodynamic stability testing of all the five combinations of LO-NE was done to analyse their physiological stability [36]. They were subjected for heating-cooling cycle followed by centrifugation tests and then freeze thaw cycle, lastly dispersibility test and during the entire tenure of testing time the samples were checked for constantly any kind of creaming, cracking, coagulation, phase separation or turbidity issues [37] [38].…”