Antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles as a root canal irrigant against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> biofilm and infected dentinal tubules

Rodrigues, Clarissa Teles; Andrade, Flaviana Bombarda de; Vasconcelos, Layla Reginna Silva Munhoz de; Midena, Raquel Zanin; Pereira, Thais Cristina; Kuga, Milton Carlos; Duarte, Marco Antônio Húngaro; Bernardineli, Norberti

doi:10.1111/iej.12904

Cited by 115 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast, the microbiological evaluation confirmed the highly effective antibacterial activity of NaOCl on a biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis ( Figure 6). Our results agree with those of previous studies showing that a 5.25% NaOCl solution was able to remove organic and loose superficial debris but was not totally effective in removing inorganic smear layer [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A possible elucidation to the mechanism of action of silver on an E. faecalis biofilm is that silver ions and nanoparticles may be able to interact and penetrate the cell membrane of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, causing damage to deoxyribonucleic acid and finally death of bacteria by liberating silver ions. Moreover, silver may have an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, which can catalyze hydrogen peroxides (PBS 2 ) to generate free radicals in a pH-dependent manner [31,39]. Yamaguchi et al [40] reported that low concentration (0.5, 1, 2 M) citric acid solutions could have an antimicrobial potential against anaerobic bacteria species when employed as potential irrigation solutions for root canals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties and Smear Layer Removal/Sealer Penetration of a Novel Silver-Citrate Root Canal Irrigant

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a novel silver-citrate root canal irrigation solution (BioAKT) on smear layer removal, sealer penetration after root canal instrumentation and antibacterial activity. Single-root teeth were endodontically treated, sealed with an epoxi-amine resin sealer and irrigated using: Group I: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group II: silver-citrate solution (BioAKT); Group III: phosphate buffer solution (PBS); Group IV: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Smear layer removal and silver deposition at the coronal, middle and apical portion of each canal were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Sealer penetration into dentinal tubules at coronal, middle and apical portion was assessed through dye-assisted confocal microscopy (CSM). Both SEM and CSM micrographs were evaluated by two examiners (κ = 0.86), who were blind to the irrigation regimens; scores were given according to the degree of penetration of the sealer. Data analysis included Pearson’s x2 and Sidak’s multiple comparisons. Dentin discs were polished and sterilized. Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were grown using a continuous-flow bioreactor under anaerobic conditions for 72 h. Specimens were irrigated with the tested solutions, and bacterial viability was assessed using a tetrazolium salt assay (MTT). Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA and Student’s post-hoc t-test (p < 0.05). BioAKT and EDTA were the most efficient solutions both in removing the smear layer and allowing sealer penetration. However, at the apical portion BioAKT performed significantly better compared to EDTA both in smear layer removal and sealer penetration (p < 0.05). BioAKT and NaOCl showed comparable antibacterial effect (p = 0.53). In conclusion, BioAKT represents a suitable smear layer removal agent, which allows for reliable sealer penetration at the apical portion of the root canal system and offers significant antibacterial properties.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties and Smear Layer Removal/Sealer Penetration of a Novel Silver-Citrate Root Canal Irrigant

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…, Rodrigues et al . ). For biofilm analysis 4 images per dentine block were obtained, totalling 20 per each biofilm group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The samples size was based on previous studies that used similar antimicrobial analysis (Zancan et al 2016, Rodrigues et al 2018. For biofilm analysis 4 images per dentine block were obtained, totalling 20 per each biofilm group.…”

Section: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (Clsm) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial action of photodynamic therapy in root canals using LED curing light, curcumin and carbopol gel

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim To evaluate the capacity of carbopol gel to maintain the intensity of a LED curing light (blueLED) along the length of prepared root canals in bovine teeth, and to assess the antimicrobial capacity of curcumin photoactivated by a LED curing light in the presence of carbopol gel. Methodology Experiment 1: Eight straight roots of bovine incisors were standardized to a length of 15 mm, and the root canals instrumented up to a size 120 K‐file. The LED curing light was irradiated inside the root canals using an aluminium collimator (1.5 mm in diameter) placed at the orifice (n = 8). Initially, the irradiation was performed in empty root canals and then repeated with the root canals filled with carbopol gel. Simple standardized photographs of the roots were taken with a digital camera in the mesial perspective during the irradiation procedure and the images analysed in OriginLab software to verify the light intensity along the length of the root. Experiment 2: Twenty dentine blocks were obtained from the cervical third of bovine incisors using a trephine bur. Biofilms were induced for 21 days on the blocks using Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4083) at 109 cells mL−1. The blocks were treated according to the groups (n = 5): positive control; standard PDT (methylene blue + diode Laser); curcumin; LED curing light; and curcumin + LED curing light. After the treatment, the samples were dyed with Live/Dead BacLight Bacterial Viability solution and fluorescence images were obtained by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM). Experiment 3: Thirty‐two roots of bovine incisors were prepared as described in experiment 1. Their dentinal tubules were contaminated and the root canals treated according to the groups (n = 8): positive control; standard PDT; curcumin + LED curing light; curcumin + carbopol gel + LED curing light. The specimens were sectioned longitudinally and the split roots were treated with the Live/Dead dye to obtain fluorescence images by CSLM. All images were processed using BioImageL software to measure the percentage of viable bacteria and the data analysed statistically using the nonparametric Kruskal‐Wallis test (α < 0.05). Results In Experiment 1, carbopol gel did not improve the intensity of LED light transmission along the root canal. In Experiment 2, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in bacterial viability occurred in the following order: positive control < only LED curing light < only curcumin < curcumin + LED curing light = standard PDT; and in Experiment 3 positive control = curcumin + LED curing light ≤ curcumin + gel + LED curing light ≤ standard PDT. Conclusion Similar disinfection effectiveness was obtained using curcumin + LED curing light and methylene blue + 660 nm LASER (standard PDT). The use of carbopol gel did not favour a greater transmission of LED light along the root canal and also resulted in less bacterial killing when used in endodontic PDT.

show abstract

“…Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) have been widely used as root canal irrigants because of their antimicrobial ability against endodontic bacteria (Goncalves et al 2016). NaOCl remains the most recommended root canal irrigant due to its strong antimicrobial efficacy and its ability to dissolve organic matter (Guerreiro‐Tanomaru et al 2014, Rodrigues et al 2018). However, NaOCl can be harmful and cytotoxic to the host tissue and has a distinctive smell and taste (Segu et al 2018, Slaughter et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial peptide GH12 as root canal irrigant inhibits biofilm and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Int Endodontic J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim The objectives of this laboratory‐based study were to investigate the effects of GH12 on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and virulence. Methodology Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of GH12 against E. faecalis were first determined. A time‐kill assay was further conducted. The effects of GH12 on the expression of virulence and stress genes in E. faecalis were evaluated by RT‐qPCR. Crystal violet stain was used to investigate the effects of GH12 on E. faecalis biofilm formation and 1‐day‐old biofilm. Finally, an ex vivo tooth model contaminated with E. faecalis was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of GH12 as an irrigant by CFU counting, SEM and CLSM. One‐way anova and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test were used to compare the differences amongst groups (α = 0.05). Results The MICs and MBCs of GH12 against E. faecalis were 8.0 ± 0.0 and 16.0 ± 0.0 mg L−1, respectively, and GH12 at 32.0 mg L−1 reduced the bacterial numbers by more than 99.9% within 1 min. Various virulence genes (efaA, esp and gelE) and stress genes (dnaK, groEL, ctsR and clpPBCEX) in E. faecalis were significantly downregulated by GH12 at sub‐MIC levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, both E. faecalis biofilm formation and the biomass of 1‐day‐old E. faecalis biofilm were significantly reduced by GH12 (P < 0.05). Elimination of E. faecalis in biofilms from root canal walls was achieved through irrigation with 64.0 mg L−1 GH12 for 30 min. CLSM analysis revealed that GH12 at 64.0 mg L−1 was most effective in eliminating bacteria within dentinal tubules (P < 0.05). Conclusion In a laboratory setting, and when used as an irrigant, GH12 suppressed E. faecalis, downregulated specific virulence and stress‐associated genes, eliminated intracanal E. faecalis protected by biofilms and killed bacteria in dentinal tubules. These results emphasize the need for preclinical and clinical studies to explore the potential of GH12 as an antimicrobial agent during root canal treatment.

show abstract

Antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles as a root canal irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and infected dentinal tubules

Abstract: AgNp irrigant was not as effective against E. faecalis compared to solutions commonly used in root canal treatment. NaOCl is appropriate as an irrigant because it was effective in disrupting biofilm and in eliminating bacteria in biofilms and in dentinal tubules.

Cited by 115 publications

References 41 publications

In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties and Smear Layer Removal/Sealer Penetration of a Novel Silver-Citrate Root Canal Irrigant

In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties and Smear Layer Removal/Sealer Penetration of a Novel Silver-Citrate Root Canal Irrigant

Antimicrobial action of photodynamic therapy in root canals using LED curing light, curcumin and carbopol gel

Antimicrobial peptide GH12 as root canal irrigant inhibits biofilm and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About