Antibacterial Susceptibility Pattern of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus after Exposure to Electromagnetic Waves Emitted from Mobile Phone Simulator

Abstract

Background: The increasing use of telecommunication devices such as Wi-Fi modems and mobile phones in the recent years can change the cellular structure of microorganisms so the generation of electromagnetic waves has led to concern in the community whenever be exposed to these fields and may have harmful effects on human health.Material and Methods: Standard strains of bacteria were prepared on Mueller-Hinton agar for bacterial growth to obtain 0.5 McFarland turbidity (1.5 × 108 CFU) of bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was done. For Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibiotics susceptibility test was conducted. The test group was exposed to electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phone simulator with a frequency of 900 MHz and the control group didin’t exposed.Results: The results revealed that increasing duration of exposure to electromagnetic waves emitted by the mobile simulators with a frequency of 900 MHz especially after 24 h of exposure, can increase bacterial resistance in S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa.Conclusion: Several factors can cause bacterial resistance against antibiotics. One of these factors is the electromagnetic waves emitted from mobile simulator with a frequency of 900 MHz, which can increase the permeability of the cell wall of bacteria.

Biological Effects of a Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Yeast Cells of the Genus Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

“…There has also been an inhibitory effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli, which may have a significant effect on the management of infectious diseases (22). A different response to the action of EMF on microorganisms was also noted by Movahedi et al (2019), where a mobile simulator emitted waves of 900 MHz frequency and indicated an increase in bacterial resistance in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (23). The study by Crabtree et al (2017) discusses the hypothesis that RF EMF from mobile phone can disrupt the microbiota of human skin (24).…”

The Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation Transmitted from Routers on Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens

“…A ntibiotic drug resistance is developed into a global phenomenon and a significant threat to public health. Prolonged hospitalization, higher pharmaceutical costs, and increased mortality, especially in intensive care units, are some of the most common consequences [1,2]. Modern antibiotics, designed and developed for the management of serious infections by multi-resistant bacteria, are widely used in common infections due to resistance to front-line medication.…”

“…The present experimental protocol investigates the effects of other factors, such as nonionizing radiation, on antibiotic susceptibility [1,5,6]. Due to the tremendous technological development in recent years, exposure to such kinds of radiation has been dramatically increased, not only in adults but in young children.…”

“…Studies have emerged regarding the bacterial resistance to antibiotics, about the exposure to electromagnetic waves. Movahedi et al revealed that exposure to mobile electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMFs) for a whole day increases the resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosam [1]. A case-control experiment revealed that the exposure to Wi-Fi radiation might increase the metabolic activity in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermis, implicating a possible augmentation of the resistance [5].…”

Establishment of injury models in studies of biological effects induced by microwave radiation

“…Microwave radiation injury models are not restricted to the animal species and cell types mentioned above. Many different organisms, including even plants [ 161 , 162 ], bacteria [ 163 ], and viruses [ 164 , 165 ], have also been implemented to establish microwave radiation injury models, although nonmammalian studies are clearly less directly relevant to human effects.…”