Antibiofilm activity of biogenic copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles-antimicrobials collegiate against multiple drug resistant bacteria: a nanoscale approach

Abstract

The synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles from non-chemical resources has increased the drive toward understanding infection biology. Accordingly, we aimed to address the symbiotic antibiofilm effect of biogenic copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles with antimicrobials against multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) at the range from 2 to 128 lg/ml was calculated against Grampositive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria using a broth dilution method. Both nanoparticles have prime antibacterial activity compared with standard antibiotics (excluding against P.aeruginosa MTCC 741). A qualitative assessment of biofilm formation and collegial effect was performed using a modified test tube and the microtiter plate-based method by measuring the optical density and time kill of nanoparticles. The results demonstrated efficient antibiofilm activity of CuNPs in its lowest concentration than ZnONPs and antibiotics itself. In addition, significant enhancing antibiofilm effect was also shown by CuNPs in the presence of third generation antibiotics against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to investigate the effect of the nanoparticles on morphological changes of Staphylococcus aureus. Current data highlights, biogenic CuNPs and ZnONPs could be used as an adjuvant for antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections.

Nystatin-mediated bismuth oxide nano-drug synthesis using gamma rays for increasing the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against some pathogenic bacteria andCandidaspecies

“…The exopolysaccharide (the principal precursors of biolm production) formation was hindered so C. albicans could not produce a biolm. 28 Our anti-biolm research is comparable to the ndings of Ashajyothi et al, 50 who stated that the synthesized ZnO NPs displayed a biolm hindrance% of 10.7% against P. aeruginosa following 18 h incubation.…”

“…The synthesized Bi 2 O 3 NPs-Nystatin was applied to repress biolm development in its constant adhesion step (also iden-tied as the primary stage). 50 However, the mechanistic behavior of the incorporated Bi 2 O 3 NPs upon biolm development has yet to be conrmed.…”

Nanoparticles as Efflux Pump and Biofilm Inhibitor to Rejuvenate Bactericidal Effect of Conventional Antibiotics

“…This partial effect directly from copper nanoparticles may imply the direct interaction of nanoparticles with efflux pumps, supporting the first hypothesis, while partial effect due to release of Cu(II) ions might indicate the disruption of membrane potential and perturbing working of efflux pumps, supporting the second hypothesis [9]. Chatterjee et al have also revealed the loss of membrane potential of E. coli cells from −185 to −105 and −75 mV after growing bacterial cells in the presence of 3.0 and 7.5 μg/ml concentration of copper nanoparticles, respectively, for 1 h [22].…”

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of plant-mediated synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruit peels extract

“…Based on several research papers, ZnO-NPs of particle sizes less than 37 nm were successfully synthesized in temperatures lower than 500 C [38]. MIC value for these ZnO-NPs against E. coli and E. faecalis were reported to be 32 mg/mL and 16 mg/mL, respectively [42]. Smaller sizes of ZnO-NPs produce lower MIC value as compared to bigger-sized ZnO-NPs.…”