Antibiofilm Activity of Gallium(III) Complexed Anionic Polymers in Combination with Antibiotics

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a life-threatening pathogen associated with multiantibiotic resistance, which is largely caused by its strong ability to form biofilms. Recent research has revealed that gallium (III) shows an activity against the biofilm of P. aeruginosa by interfering with Fe metabolism. The antibacterial activity of the combination of Ga 3+ ion and antibiotic rifampicin (RMP) against P. aeruginosa PAO1 is investigated. An anionic polymer poly{{2-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]ethyl}phosphonic acid} (PDMPOH) is exploited to form complexes (GaPD) with Ga 3+ . The GaPD complexes act as a carrier of Ga 3+ and release Ga 3+ via enzymatic degradation by bacterial lipases. GaPD is found to damage the outer membrane, leading to enhanced cellular uptake of RMP and Ga 3+ due to increased outer membrane permeability, which inhibits the RNA polymerase and interferes with Fe metabolism. The antibiofilm activity and biocompatibility of the GaPD system offer a promising treatment option for P. aeruginosa biofilm-related infections.

Recent advances in responsive antibacterial materials: design and application scenarios

“…For example, the acidic condition resulting from the anaerobic glycolysis in the EPS surrounded and anoxic biofilm promoted the charge reversal of AuNP-N-C for biofilm adhesion, 23 and lipase secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in the biofilm facilitated the release of toxic Ga 3+ ions. 65…”

“…In this case, PCL-containing anionic polymer could be used to neutralize the positive charge toxic cationic agents, whose antimicrobial activity could only be recovered once the PCL is degraded to remove the "cage" by lipase. Accordingly, cationic poly(2-(methylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMA) 64 and Ga 3+ ions 65 were used in this strategy, respectively, exhibiting lipase-responsive release of cargos. In addition to PCL, fatty acid esters are the natural substrate of lipase, and the derived materials have also been utilized as lipase-sensitive carriers for the delivery of antibiotics.…”

“…For example, the acidic condition resulting from the anaerobic glycolysis in the EPS surrounded and anoxic biofilm promoted the charge reversal of AuNP-N-C for biofilm adhesion, 23 and lipase secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in the biofilm facilitated the release of toxic Ga 3+ ions. 65 4.1.2 Oral infection. Periodontitis is a well-known severe inflammatory disease caused by the microorganisms infection in subgingival dental plaques, which can lead to tooth loss and even systemic diseases.…”