Antibiosis and antixenosis to Rhopalosiphum padi among triticale accessions

Abstract

Tests for antibiosis and antixenosis resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi L., the bird cherry-oat aphid, were conducted among four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and eight triticale (XTriticosecale Wittmack) accessions. Tests for antibiosis included measuring R. padi-population growth over 13 days, number of days to reproduction of individual R. padi, and number of aphid progeny produced in the first 7 days of adulthood. Antixenosis was measured in no-choice nymphiposition tests and in choice tests of host selection by winged R. padi. Three of seven triticale accessions limited R. padi populations relative to control accessions. Lower R. padi-population growth on N1185 and Okto Derzhavina could be explained partially by increased developmental times. Lower R. padi-population growth on triticale accessions N1185, N1186 and Okto Derzhavina could be explained at least partially by fewer aphid progeny on these accessions. Developmental time of R. padi on N1185 and Okto Derzhavina was greater than that on Stniism 3 triticale, identified previously as resistant to R. padi. There were less R. padi progeny on N1185 than on Stniism 3, and comparable numbers of R. padi progeny among N1186, Okto Derzhavina, and Stniism 3. None of the accessions limited nymphiposition by R. padi. Choice tests revealed heterogeneity in host selection by R. padi but an overall trend that triticale accessions Okto Derzhavina, N1185, N1186 and Stniism 3 were less preferred hosts than Arapahoe wheat. Relatively strong resistance in these triticale accessions warrant consideration of their future use in breeding programs for cereal-aphid resistance.

Effects of maternal diet on offspring fitness in the bird cherry‐oat aphid

“…Wheat varieties with resistance to aphids have been identified and used for aphid management, because resistance is considered an especially advantageous and environmentally friendly management tool in the field (Hesler & Tharp, 2005;Akhtar et al, 2009;Dogimont et al, 2010). Resistance in summer hosts decreases the growth rate of an aphid population by increasing mortality, extending the DT of the nymphs, and decreasing their weight and the production of offspring (Dixon, 1987;Smith et al, 2004;Hesler & Tharp, 2005;Hu et al, 2007bHu et al, , 2013.…”

Antixenosis to the Soybean Aphid in Soybean Lines

“…In addition, inherent differences in plant size among plants within the same growth stage might confound host selection by arthropods, and some studies have measured plant size (e.g. height and dry mass) in order to account for associations between aphid host choice and plant size [16][17][18][19]. However, the value of such measurements to soybean choice tests in general is unknown.…”

Genetic mapping of Cacopsylla pyri resistance in an interspecific pear (Pyrus spp.) population

“…The three types of plant resistance to insects are antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance (Hesler and Tharp 2005;Bell 2013a). Antixenosis prevents insects from colonizing the host or sustain feeding, and antibiosis affects the pest biology, while tolerance is the ability of the plant to grow despite infestation (Hesler and Tharp 2005).…”

“…Antixenosis prevents insects from colonizing the host or sustain feeding, and antibiosis affects the pest biology, while tolerance is the ability of the plant to grow despite infestation (Hesler and Tharp 2005). Antixenosis to pear psylla is characterized by ovipositional deterrence and feeding inhibition, whereas antibiosis is expressed by nymphal mortality and delayed development (Bell and Stuart 1990).…”