Antibiosis to Spittlebugs (Homoptera: Cercopidae) in Accessions of Brachiaria spp.

Lapointe, Stephen L.; Serrano, Miguel S.; ARANGO, GUILLERMO L.; Sotelo, Guillermo; Córdoba, Freddy

doi:10.1093/jee/85.4.1485

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Breeding for durable resistance, therefore, requires careful consideration of what resistance mechanisms would confer most stability for a particular crop/pest system [see Kennedy et al (1987) for a comprehensive discussion on the topic] 3 . This video demonstration builds upon several previous studies designed to estimate the relative contributions of antibiosis and tolerance to spittlebug resistance in brachiariagrasses [6][7][8][9] . In contrast with choice tests or field experiments, no-choice tests ensure all plants receive the same herbivore pressure, thus providing control for differences arising from herbivore behavior (e.g., host preference, aggregation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Characterizing Herbivore Resistance Mechanisms: Spittlebugs on <em>Brachiaria</em> spp. as an Example

Parsa

Sotelo

Cardona

2011

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Plants can resist herbivore damage through three broad mechanisms: antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance 1 . Antixenosis is the degree to which the plant is avoided when the herbivore is able to select other plants 2 . Antibiosis is the degree to which the plant affects the fitness of the herbivore feeding on it 1 .Tolerance is the degree to which the plant can withstand or repair damage caused by the herbivore, without compromising the herbivore's growth and reproduction 1. The durability of herbivore resistance in an agricultural setting depends to a great extent on the resistance mechanism favored during crop breeding efforts 3 .We demonstrate a no-choice experiment designed to estimate the relative contributions of antibiosis and tolerance to spittlebug resistance in Brachiaria spp. Several species of African grasses of the genus Brachiaria are valuable forage and pasture plants in the Neotropics, but they can be severely challenged by several native species of spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) 4 .To assess their resistance to spittlebugs, plants are vegetatively-propagated by stem cuttings and allowed to grow for approximately one month, allowing the growth of superficial roots on which spittlebugs can feed. At that point, each test plant is individually challenged with six spittlebug eggs near hatching. Infestations are allowed to progress for one month before evaluating plant damage and insect survival. Scoring plant damage provides an estimate of tolerance while scoring insect survival provides an estimate of antibiosis. This protocol has facilitated our plant breeding objective to enhance spittlebug resistance in commercial brachiariagrases 5 . Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/3047/ Protocol 1. Plants 1. Single stem cuttings from mature plants are used as experimental units. The cuttings are trimmed to 10 cm to ensure uniformity of planting material. 2. To prevent contamination by plant pathogens, the cuttings are washed in a 3 % sodium hypochlorite solution for 2 min and then rinsed thoughroughly with tap water. 3. Each cutting is planted in ca. 36 g of sterile soil in a cylindrical PVC tube (5.3 cm outside diameter by 6.5 cm height) sealed at the lower end with a Styrofoam cup and capped with a PVC bushing. The cutting is held in place by a foam ring placed in the central opening of the bushing. 4. Plants are fertilized and watered as needed to maintain adequate soil moisture. 5. Plants will grow for one month before being challenged by insects, allowing development of superficial roots, which serve as feeding sites for the root-xylem-feeding spittlebug nymphs. 6. PVC tubes with rooted cuttings are inverted for 8 d prior to infestation to stimulate further the growth of superficial roots, partially adjusting for inherent differences in root architecture. This step requires an artificial source of light, which we provide for 24 h a day. To avoid confounding escapes from herbivory with herbivore resistance, individual plant replicates wit...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Characterizing Herbivore Resistance Mechanisms: Spittlebugs on <em>Brachiaria</em> spp. as an Example

Parsa

Sotelo

Cardona

2011

JoVE

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“…To characterize a grass as resistant, the average mortality and duration values need to be above the average values of the group, summing the value of the corresponding standard deviation (Lapointe et al 1992). Analyzing the mortality found in the present study, it is possible to assess the variation among the grasses tested for spittlebug resistance that affected the biological parameters, with the resistance being classified by the mechanism of antibiosis.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortality ( (Lapointe et al 1992;Valério et al 1997;Valério et al 2004) have used the duration of the nymphal stage. To characterize a grass as resistant, the average mortality and duration values need to be above the average values of the group, summing the value of the corresponding standard deviation (Lapointe et al 1992).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of forage grass resistance to Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål)

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to select forage grasses with potential resistance to Mahanarva fimbriolata by assessing effects on insect. No-choice assays were conducted with 12 genotypes and laboratory-reared insects. The following parameters were assessed: mortality and duration of the nymphal stage; adult weight and longevity; pre-oviposition period; number of eggs/female; viability and duration of the embryonic period. As main result it was verified that the mortality of nymphs reared on Panicum maximum cv.Paredão is almost complete and that this forage grass may be

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“…Paredão -40,00 ± 2,00 (n=2)* - A maioria dos trabalhos realizados para selecionar variedades resistentes a cigarrinhas-das-pastagens consideram os parâmetros mortalidade e duração da fase ninfal os mais importantes (LAPOINTE et al 1992;SOTELO, 1999;VALÉRIO et. al.…”

Section: Criação De Mahanarva Fimbriolata (Stål)unclassified

“…2004). Seguindo os critérios adotados por Lapointe et al, (1992), para a fase de ninfa, as gramíneas selecionadas como resistentes são P. maximum cv. Paredão, A. gayanus e P. maximum cv.…”

Section: Criação De Mahanarva Fimbriolata (Stål)unclassified

Avaliação de tipos de resistência de gramíneas forrageiras à cigarrinha das-raízes Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål, 1854) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)

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Antibiosis to Spittlebugs (Homoptera: Cercopidae) in Accessions of Brachiaria spp.

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Characterizing Herbivore Resistance Mechanisms: Spittlebugs on <em>Brachiaria</em> spp. as an Example

Characterizing Herbivore Resistance Mechanisms: Spittlebugs on <em>Brachiaria</em> spp. as an Example

Evaluation of forage grass resistance to Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål)

Avaliação de tipos de resistência de gramíneas forrageiras à cigarrinha das-raízes Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål, 1854) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)

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