Antibiotic delivery by liposomes from prokaryotic microorganisms: Similia cum similis works better

Abstract

To date the effectiveness of antibiotics is undermined by microbial resistance, threatening public health worldwide. The possible failure of conventional antibiotics engenders the need for new drugs, with demanding investments of money, labor and time. Enhancing the efficacy of the current antibiotic arsenal is an alternative strategy. The administration of antimicrobials encapsulated in nanocarriers, such as liposomes, is considered a viable option, though with some drawbacks related to limited affinity between conventional liposomes and bacterial membranes.Here we propose a novel "top-down" procedure to prepare unconventional liposomes from the membranes of prokaryotes (PD-liposomes). These vectors, being obtained from bacteria with limited growth requirements, also represent lowcost systems for scalable biotechnology production. In depth physico-chemical characterization, carried out with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Small Angle Xray Scattering (SAXS), indicated that PD-liposomes were may be suitable for the employment as antibiotic vectors. Specifically, DLS showed that the mean diameter of loaded liposomes was ~ 200-300 nm, while SAXS showed that the structure was similar to conventional liposomes, thus allowing a direct comparison with more standard liposomal formulations.Compared to free penicillin G, PD-liposomes loaded with penicillin G showed minimal inhibitory concentrations against E. coli that were up to 16-times lower.Noteworthy, the extent of the bacterial growth inhibition was found to depend on the microorganisms from which liposomes were derived. 216 words. Now 198, limit is 200

Application of Nanoparticle Technology to Reduce the Anti-Microbial Resistance through β-Lactam Antibiotic-Polymer Inclusion Nano-Complex

“…Similar results, with chemically related polymers, have been reported previously. For example, β–lactam antibiotics in association with polyacrylate nanoparticles [ 37 , 38 ] or vehiculated in liposomes [ 39 , 40 ] showed increased effectiveness against methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. Likewise, ampicillin associated with amphiphilic polymers, made by maleic acid and 2-vinylpyrrolidone, showed a marked increment of the antimicrobial activity of ampicillin on clinical isolates of resistant S. aureus [ 16 ].…”

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in pure water and in chloride solution

“…As an antimicrobial reference, ampicillin was used for both E. coli and B. subtilis . To determine the MIC, the broth microdilution method in standard microtiter plates was used as previously described [ 44 ]. In this case, bacterial cells were grown in LB or NB and collected at the exponential growth phase to be diluted in LB 2× or NB 2× until the OD at 590 nm was 0.05, corresponding to a cell density of approximately (2–4) × 10 6 colony forming units (CFUs) per mL.…”

Nanostructuring Biopolymers for Improved Food Quality and Safety

“…125,[120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134] between the matrix and the encapsulated drug. The unilamellar structure of liposomes loaded with antibiotics has also been investigated by means of SAXS characterization (Colzi et al, 2015). The internal structure of poly(lactide-co-glucolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles, commonly used as drug carrier systems, was resolved by finding a proper model (consisting of fractal structures with polydisperse spherical building blocks) to simultaneously fit the SANS experimental data from the nanoparticles dispersed in two different H 2 O/D 2 O mixtures (Yang et al, 2015).…”