Antibiotic Disruption of the Gut Microbiota Enhances the Murine Hepatic Dysfunction Associated With a High-Salt Diet

Abstract

Epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure is related to metabolic malfunctions, such as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Liver impairment and hypertrophy of adipose cells are related to high salt consumption. This research aims to investigated the physiological mechanism of a high salt diet (HSD) enhanced antibiotic-induced hepatic injury and mitochondrial abnormalities in mice. The mice were fed a HSD with or without penicillin G (PEN) for 8 weeks and the gut metabolome, untargeted faecal metabolomics, and intestinal function were evaluated. The results revealed that HSD, PEN and their combination (HSPEN) significantly changed the gut microbial community. HSPEN mice exhibited more opportunistic pathogens (such as Klebsiella and Morganella) and reduced probiotic species (including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). The main variations in the faecal metabolites of the HSPEN group were identified, including those connected with entero-hepatic circulation (including bile acids), tryptophan metabolism (i.e., indole derivatives) and lipid metabolism (e.g., erucic acid). Furthermore, increased intestinal permeability and immunologic response caused greater hepatic damage in the HSPEN group compared to the other groups. These findings may have important implications for public health.

Metagenomic Changes of Gut Microbiota following Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection with a Simplified Low-Dose Quadruple Therapy with Bismuth or Lactobacillus reuteri

“…It is worth noting that opportunistic genera belong to this family and their increase in antibiotic-dysrupted microbiota has already been reported. Similarly, Bandy and Zhang reported an increased opportunistic genus in (Morganella, Proteus, and Providencia) dysbiosis due to antibiotics, indicating that bismuth may be more effective in controlling the opportunistic blooming of Morganellaceae during antibiotic treatment [ 34 , 35 ]. Recently, a large group of Proteobacteria members were reclassified in the novel phylum Desulfobacteroidota, based on phylogeny and metabolic functions [ 36 ].…”

Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease

“…Increased intestinal permeability is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 194,[197][198][199][200][201] Hyperglycaemia, high-fat diet, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity are associated with increased intestinal permeability [202][203][204][205][206][207][208] HIV/AIDS Increased permeability in HIV enteropathy; positive correlation with disease stage; increased in patients with untreated HIV infection 90,209,210 Increased intestinal permeability in simian immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with microbial translocation and systemic immune activation 211,212 Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome…”

Revealing the Pathogenesis of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats through Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis

“…However, the involvement of the gut microbiota in the regulation of salt-sensitive hypertension requires further confirmation. Moreover, experimental evidence demonstrates that high salt intake directly changes the gut microbial composition followed by the changes in metabolites, and 80% of the blood supply in the liver is received from the intestine through the portal vein; thus, the liver becomes the "first-hit" organ for HSD feeding and gut microbial metabolites [10,11]. For instance, high salt intake is independently associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and advanced liver fibrosis [12].…”