Antibiotic Exposure and Risk of New-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Duan, Ruqiao; Zhang, Cunzheng; Li, Gaonan; Li, Jun; Duan, Liping

doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2024.02.010

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…With the dramatic rise in global antibiotic use in recent years, an 4 increase in various complex diseases, including asthma (Korpela et al, 2016), allergies (Hirsch et al, 2017), celiac disease (Mårild et al, 2013), diabetes (Livanos et al, 2016) and chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (Fenneman et al, 2022), has been observed. Interestingly, a maternal antibiotic-perturbed microbiota has been shown to exacerbate gut inflammation when transferred to mouse pups deficient in the antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL10 -/-) (Schulfer et al, 2017), and antibiotic usage is significantly associated with an increased risk of new-onset IBD (Duan et al, 2024), indicating a connection between antibiotic use, microbiome composition and gut health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of repeated antibiotic usage leads to microbiota-dependent mucus defects

Krigul,

Feeney,

Wongkuna

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Recent evidence indicates that repeated antibiotic usage lowers microbial diversity and lastingly changes the gut microbiota community. However, the physiological effects of repeated - but not recent - antibiotic usage on microbiota-mediated mucosal barrier function are largely unknown. By selecting human individuals from the deeply-phenotyped Estonian Microbiome Cohort (EstMB) we here utilised human-to-mouse faecal microbiota transplantation to explore long-term impacts of repeated antibiotic use on intestinal mucus function. While a healthy mucus layer protects the intestinal epithelium against infection and inflammation, using ex-vivo mucus function analyses of viable colonic tissue explants, we show that microbiota from humans with a history of repeated antibiotic use causes reduced mucus growth rate and increased mucus penetrability compared to healthy controls in the transplanted mice. Moreover, shotgun metagenomic sequencing identified a significantly altered microbiota composition in the antibiotic-shaped microbial community, with known mucus-utilising bacteria, including Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis, dominating in the gut. The altered microbiota composition was further characterised by a distinct metabolite profile, which may be caused by differential mucus degradation capacity. Consequently, our findings suggest that long-term antibiotic use in humans results in an altered microbial community that has reduced capacity to maintain proper mucus function in the gut.

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