Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis of Microbiota Promotes Chicken Lipogenesis by Altering Metabolomics in the Cecum

Abstract

Elucidation of the mechanism of lipogenesis and fat deposition is essential for controlling excessive fat deposition in chicken. Studies have shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating host lipogenesis and lipid metabolism. However, the function of gut microbiota in the lipogenesis of chicken and their relevant mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, the gut microbiota of chicken was depleted by oral antibiotics. Changes in cecal microbiota and metabolomics were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with MS/MS (UHPLC–MS/MS) analysis. The correlation between antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites and lipogenesis were analysed. We found that oral antibiotics significantly promoted the lipogenesis of chicken. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that oral antibiotics significantly reduced the diversity and richness and caused dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Specifically, the abundance of Proteobacteria was increased considerably while the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were significantly decreased. At the genus level, the abundances of genera Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella were significantly increased while the abundances of 12 genera were significantly decreased, including Bacteroides. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota significantly altered cecal metabolomics and caused declines in abundance of 799 metabolites and increases in abundance of 945 metabolites. Microbiota-metabolite network revealed significant correlations between 4 differential phyla and 244 differential metabolites as well as 15 differential genera and 304 differential metabolites. Three metabolites of l-glutamic acid, pantothenate acid and N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid were identified as potential metabolites that link gut microbiota and lipogenesis in chicken. In conclusion, our results showed that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota promotes lipogenesis of chicken by altering relevant metabolomics. The efforts in this study laid a basis for further study of the mechanisms that gut microbiota regulates lipogenesis and fat deposition of chicken.

Feed Restriction Improves Lipid Metabolism by Changing the Structure of the Cecal Microbial Community and Enhances the Meat Quality and Flavor of Bearded Chickens

“…Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that chickens in the 70% ME group have an increase in the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, which were significantly negatively correlated with most of the lipogenesis indicators [14]. However, our study found a decrease in the proportion of Bacteroidetes in the FR group, which was inconsistent with Xiang et al [15], who found that the decrease of Bacteroidetes and the increase in Firmicutes were correlated with the accumulation of abdominal fat deposition in genetically selected chickens.…”

“…Interestingly, quantitative feed restriction had significant effects on the microbiota of the ceca in broilers, except for lactic acid bacteria [13]. In addition, it has been indicated that intestinal microorganisms play an important role in regulating fat metabolism in broiler chickens [14,15]. It was found that the cecal microbiota in chickens contributed significantly to fat deposition, accounting for 21% of the variability in abdominal fat mass after adjustment for host genetic effects [16].…”

Centennial Review: Factors affecting the chicken gastrointestinal microbial composition and their association with gut health and productive performance

“…Characterizes biochemical and metabolic changes in the host, can be used for biomarker discovery and characterization of metabolites and metabolic changes of the host and microbiota-associated products in broilers after inoculation with Eimeria spp., eating restriction patterns, and supplementation with enzymes, antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics. Expensive, time-consuming, requires specialized equipment and intensive bioinformatics ( Aggrey et al, 2019 ; Cao et al, 2020 ; Gonzalez-Uarquin et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ) Microbial shift or detection of bacterial metabolites as biomarkers Detection of microbial shift such as a decreased abundance of family Enterobacteriaceae as a marker of poor gut health Gut contents and excreta Sequencing based approach/PCR Identification of microbial shifts could be used for testing of management interventions or occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes Expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to find consistent microbial taxa associated with health and disease due to extensive bird to bird variation ( Ducatelle et al, 2018 ; Hernandez-Patlan et al, 2019a ) Bacterial metabolite ‘D-lactate’ in blood Blood Immunoassay No need to sacrifice chickens for sample collection Only studied in laying hens after feed restriction for 12 h. Needs testing in meat chickens and other conditions of intestinal disturbance. ( Lei et al, 2013 ; Gilani et al, 2016 ) Bacterial count in liver Liver Culture A more accurate approach to evaluate translocation of bacteria as a result of gut barrier failure Need to sacrifice birds, time-consuming, and expensive.…”

“…Considerable bird to bird and flock to flock variations in microbiota resulted in the lack of reproducibility of bacterial profiles related to production across trials ( Stanley et al, 2013b ; Stanley et al, 2016 ). Although a sequence-based approach has been useful to characterize the GIT microbiota, a more comprehensive analysis of microbial composition combined with the microbial and host metabolites (metabolomics) using liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy would be more insightful on defining host-gut microbiome interactions ( Aggrey et al, 2019 ; Kers et al, 2019b ; Cao et al, 2020 ; Gonzalez-Uarquin et al, 2020 ; Niu et al, 2020 ; Park et al, 2020 ; Slizewska et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). Although metabolomics offers great promise for biomarker discovery and mechanistic investigation on in-feed additives, they are time-consuming and expensive which limits their application in commercial settings.…”

Effects of Dietary L-Theanine on Growth Performance, Antioxidation, Meat Quality, and Intestinal Microflora in White Feather Broilers With Acute Oxidative Stress

“…Related studies have revealed that increasing Firmicutes bacteria is beneficial to intestinal health and can boost the production performance of broilers (33). Studies have shown that obesity is associated with a reduction in the Bacteroidetes and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (34). In this experiment, the relative abundance of Bacteroides cecum was significantly lower than that in the NC and PC groups.…”