Antibiotic-Induced Recruitment of Specific Algae-Associated Microbiome Enhances the Adaptability of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> to Antibiotic Stress and Incidence of Antibiotic Resistance

Xue, Xue; Su, Xiaoyue; Zhou, Linjun; Ji, Jiaqi; Qin, Ziwei; Liu, Jialin; Li, Kaiqi; Wang, He; Wang, Zaizhao

doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c02801

Cited by 24 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

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“…Some antibiotics can interfere with the synergistic expression of the chloroplast genome, resulting in blocked chlorophyll synthesis; chlorophyll is affected, for example, by ampicillin and cefazolin [ 28 ]. Similarly, antibiotics can also induce the production of ROS in algae, thus causing severe oxidative stress and damage to cell membranes [ 29 , 30 ]. In order to explore the toxic effects of β-lactam antibiotics, which are widely used in the field of clinical medicine, some studies have studied the toxic effects of amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone on processes of photosynthesis in wheat leaves, and the results showed that antibiotics can inhibit photosynthesis [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of the Synergistic Toxicity of Ampicillin and Cefazoline on Selenastrum capricornutum

Huang,

Qin,

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Ampicillin (AMP) and cefazolin (CZO) are commonly used β-lactam antibiotics which are extensively globally produced. Additionally, AMP and CZO are known to have relatively high ecotoxicity. Notably, the mix of AMP and CZO creates a synergistic effect that is more harmful to the environment, and how exposure to AMP-CZO can induce synergism in algae remains virtually unknown. To yield comprehensive mechanistic insights into chemical toxicity, including dose–response relationships and variations in species sensitivity, the integration of multiple endpoints with de novo transcriptomics analyses were used in this study. We employed Selenastrum capricornutum to investigate its toxicological responses to AMP and CZO at various biological levels, with the aim of elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Our assessment of multiple endpoints revealed a significant growth inhibition in response to AMP at the relevant concentrations. This inhibition was associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and perturbations in nitrogen metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism. Growth inhibition in the presence of CZO and the AMP-CZO combination was linked to reduced viability levels, elevated ROS production, decreased total soluble protein content, inhibited photosynthesis, and disruptions in the key signaling pathways related to starch and sucrose metabolism, ribosome function, amino acid biosynthesis, and the production of secondary metabolites. It was concluded from the physiological level that the synergistic effect of Chlorophyll a (Chla) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity strengthened the growth inhibition of S. capricornutum in the AMP-CZO synergistic group. According to the results of transcriptomic analysis, the simultaneous down-regulation of LHCA4, LHCA1, LHCA5, and sodA destroyed the functions of the photosynthetic system and the antioxidant system, respectively. Such information is invaluable for environmental risk assessments. The results provided critical knowledge for a better understanding of the potential ecological impacts of these antibiotics on non-target organisms.

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