Antibiotic Pollution in the Environment: From Microbial Ecology to Public Policy

Kraemer, Susanne A.; Ramachandran, Arthi; Perron, Gabriel G.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms7060180

Cited by 717 publications

(414 citation statements)

References 212 publications

(251 reference statements)

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“…This is plausible as factors such as poor sewage system; poor infection prevention and control in the hospitals, clinics, education institutions and workplaces; and poor sanitation facilities, and hygiene practices contribute to the spread of resistant strains from environment to food chain. The percentage of resistant isolates may be higher in humans compared to the environment (e.g., animal stool and water sample), but the load (number of resistant isolates/sample) is higher in environment which acts as a reservoir of resistant genes [85]. Though Bangladesh has travelled a long way in controlling open defaecation through much lauded Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), the environment remains highly contaminated with faecal matter [86].…”

Section: The Way Forward?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh: A scoping review of policy and practice in human, animal and environment sectors

et al. 2020

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Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an emerging issue in the developing countries as well as in Bangladesh. AMR is aggravated by irrational use of antimicrobials in a largely unregulated pluralistic health system. This review presents a 'snap shot' of the current situation including existing policies and practices to address AMR, and the challenges and barriers associated with their implementation. Methods A systematic approach was adopted for identifying, screening, and selecting relevant literature on AMR situation in Bangladesh. We used Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Biomed Central databases for searching peer-reviewed literature in human, animal and environment sectors during January 2010-August 2019, and Google for grey materials from the institutional and journal websites. Two members of the study team independently reviewed these documents for inclusion in the analysis. We used a 'mixed studies review' method for synthesizing evidences from different studies. Result Of the final 47 articles, 35 were primary research, nine laboratory-based research, two review papers and one situation analysis report. Nineteen articles on human health dealt with prescribing and/or use of antimicrobials, five on self-medication, two on non-compliance of dosage, and 10 on the sensitivity and resistance patterns of antibiotics. Four papers focused on the use of antimicrobials in food animals and seven on environmental

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Section: The Way Forward?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh: A scoping review of policy and practice in human, animal and environment sectors

et al. 2020

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“…The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the main cause of infectious disease treatment failure worldwide, gaining global attention from both an environmental and human health perspective [1]. AMR may be due to either genetic mutations or horizontal transfer of resistance genes, even among non-phylogenetically related bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in both marine and terrestrial environments, wildlife can come into direct contact with most antibiotics, even at sub-inhibitory concentrations [10], leading to the selection of antibiotic-resistant microbiota. In this context, wildlife represents a potential reservoir, or vector, of resistant pathogens and ARGs [1,11,12]; therefore, in the study of the spread of the AMR, it may be useful to evaluate the role of migratory wildlife species, which can carry a resistant microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Caretta Caretta a Carrier of Antibiotic Resistance in the Mediterranean Sea?

et al. 2020

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Sea turtles can be considered a sentinel species for monitoring the health of marine ecosystems, acting, at the same time, as a carrier of microorganisms. Indeed, sea turtles can acquire the microbiota from their reproductive sites and feeding, contributing to the diffusion of antibiotic-resistant strains to uncontaminated environments. This study aims to unveil the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in (i) loggerhead sea turtles stranded along the coast of Sicily (Mediterranean Sea), (ii) unhatched and/or hatched eggs, (iii) sand from the turtles’ nest and (iv) seawater. Forty-four bacterial strains were isolated and identified by conventional biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing. The Gram-negative Aeromonas and Vibrio species were mainly found in sea turtles and seawater samples, respectively. Conversely, the Gram-positive Bacillus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus strains were mostly isolated from eggs and sand. The antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates revealed that these strains were resistant to cefazolin (95.5%), streptomycin (43.2%), colistin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (34.1%). Moreover, metagenome analysis unveiled the presence of both antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes, as well as the mobile element class 1 integron at an alarming percentage rate. Our results suggest that Caretta caretta could be considered a carrier of antibiotic-resistant genes.

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“…The overuse or misuse of antibiotics in clinical and agricultural settings has promoted the emergence and spread of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, some of which are disease‐causing bacterial pathogens (Kraemer et al , 2019). Meanwhile, resistance to most of the currently used antibiotics now threatens food safety (Wyrsch et al , 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous maltose enhances Zebrafish immunity to levofloxacin‐resistant Vibrio alginolyticus

Jiang

Yang

Chen

et al. 2020

Microbial Biotechnology

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Understanding the interplay between bacterial fitness, antibiotic resistance, host immunity and host metabolism could guide treatment and improve immunity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The acquisition of levofloxacin (Lev) resistance affects the fitness of Vibrio alginolyticus in vitro and in vivo. Lev-resistant (Lev-R) V. alginolyticus exhibits slow growth, reduced pathogenicity and greater resistance to killing by the host, Danio rerio (zebrafish), than Lev-sensitive (Lev-S) V. alginolyticus, suggesting that Lev-R V. alginolyticus triggers a weaker innate immune response in D. rerio than Lev-S V. alginolyticus. Differences were detected in the metabolome of D. rerio infected with Lev-S or Lev-R V. alginolyticus. Maltose, a crucial metabolite, is significantly downregulated in D. rerio infected with Lev-R V. alginolyticus, and exogenous maltose enhances the immune response of D. rerio to Lev-R V. alginolyticus, leading to better clearance of the infection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that exogenous maltose stimulates the host production of lysozyme and its binding to Lev-R V. alginolyticus, which depends on bacterial membrane potential. We suggest that exogenous exposure to crucial metabolites could be an effective strategy for treating and/or managing infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Antibiotic Pollution in the Environment: From Microbial Ecology to Public Policy

Cited by 717 publications

References 212 publications

Tackling antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh: A scoping review of policy and practice in human, animal and environment sectors

Tackling antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh: A scoping review of policy and practice in human, animal and environment sectors

Is Caretta Caretta a Carrier of Antibiotic Resistance in the Mediterranean Sea?

Exogenous maltose enhances Zebrafish immunity to levofloxacin‐resistant Vibrio alginolyticus

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