Antibiotic prescribing pattern in cesarean section

Abstract

Use of antimicrobials in caesarean section has become an accepted practice to minimize the incidence of postoperative complications. Not many studies are available in Bangladesh regarding the using pattern of antibiotics in caesarean section. The objectives of the study was to find out the pattern of use of antibiotic prophylaxis in caesarean section and also the frequency of postoperative morbidity. The prospective cross-sectional study included 356 patients undergoing caesarean section in Prime Medical College Hospital, Rangpur and 10 different private clinics in Rangpur city. Patients demographics, perioperative data, antibiotic used with dosage and schedules were recorded. Investigations like pus, blood and urine culture and sensitivity were recorded for patients with postoperative complications. Change of antimicrobial following culture sensitivity report was noted. Most of the patients, 197 (55.3%), came from lower middle socioeconomic status. Major indication of cesarean section was emergency in 314 (88.2%) patients. The use of third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) in majority of the patients, 209 (58.7%), was observed. Two drugs combination commonly included third generation cephalosporin and metronidazole, and in addition gentamicin was added when three drugs combination was used. Fifty five (15.5%) patients had postoperative complications which included fever, wound infection, urinary tract infection and endometritis. The mean duration (SD) of antibiotic administration was 12.4 (3.5) days in infected patients and 8.0 (2.1) days in non-infected patients, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The mean duration (SD) of hospital stay was 15.4 (5.5) and 9.1 (3.9) days for infected and non-infected patients, respectively; and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Isolated micro-organisms from wound infection, urinary tract infection and lochia were gram-negative, and Escherichia coli, 16 (41.0%), was the common which was resistant to third generation cephalosporin and sensitive to amikacin. Obstetricians should utilize clinically effective antibiotics. Whenever possible, single drug rather than combination therapy should be used. Periodic surveillance of antimicrobial prophylaxis is essential to detect the emergence of antibiotic resistance.Mediscope Vol. 3, No. 1: January 2016, Pages 8-15

Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns and Prevalence of Surgical Site Infections in Caesarean Section Deliveries at Two Tertiary Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

“…In the current study, it was noted that the majority of women who delivered through CS were in the age group between 21 and 25 years and above, which was in agreement with several similar studies [12] [28] [29] [30]. In our study, the most commonly prescribed antibiotics were the combination of benzylpenicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole or cefotaxime.…”

“…Our study demonstrated that 56% of women who underwent CS delivery were from low-cost residential areas, similar to other studies [12] [28] [31]. It was also determined that all the patients who had CS delivery received perioperative anti-biotic prophylaxis and anaesthetic.…”

“…Antimicrobials are commonly prescribed in obstetrics and gynaecology prophylactically for pre-and postoperative procedures [11]. First-generation cephalosporins including ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and cefazolin have been reported to be the most commonly used for prophylaxis [12] [13] [14]. Prophylactic antibiotics reduce the incidence of SSIs and evidence-based guidelines recommend the use of antibiotics before an incision [15].…”