Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern in Paediatrics Outpatient in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Majhi, Budhia; Panda, Abinash; Barma, Saroj Kumar

doi:10.18410/jebmh/2017/604

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…And there was nearly 20 percent of cases only prescribed CTPM. It suggests a distinct feature of prescriptions in China, compared with results in foreign studies [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. For example, the most commonly prescribed medicines for AURI children in a Danish research were respiratory medicines (47.0%), antimicrobials (30.7%), and analgesic-antipyretics (18.8%) [25], which in our study were only 9.0% 18.1%, and 11.9%, respectively, ranking below CTPM.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

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Characteristics of prescriptions and costs for acute upper respiratory tract infections in Chinese outpatient pediatric patients: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

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Background To understand the characteristics of prescriptions and costs in pediatric patients with acute upper respiratory infection (AURI) is important for the regulation of outpatient care and reimbursement policy. This study aims to provide evidence on these issues that was in short supply. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study based on data from 138 hospitals across the country. All pediatric patients aged 0-14 years diagnosed with uncomplicated AURI visiting hospital ambulatory departments from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017 were included. We reported characteristics of pediatric patients diagnosed with AURI, the average number of medications prescribed per encounter, the categories of medication used and their percentages, the cost per visit and prescription costs of drugs. For these measurements, discrepancies among diverse groups of age, regions, insurance types, and AURI categories were compared. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Student-Newman-Keuls test were performed to test differences among subgroups. Results A total of 1,002,687 clinical records with 2,682,118 prescriptions were collected and analyzed. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.8. The most frequently prescribed medication was Chinese traditional patent medicines (CTPM) (36.5% of overall prescriptions) followed by antibiotics (18.1%). It showed a preference of CPTM over western drugs. The median cost per visit was 119.97 CNY. The median drug cost per visit was 92.70 CNY. The expenditures of antibiotics and CTPM per visit (40.54CNY and 39.35CNY) were among the three highest categories of drugs. The percentage of out-of-pocket patients reached 65.9%. Disparities have been showed among subgroups of different ages, regions, and insurance types. Conclusions The high volume of CPTM usage is the typical feature in outpatient care of AURI pediatric patients in China. The rational and cost-effective use of CPTM and antibiotics still faces challenges. The reimbursement for child AURI cases needs to be enhanced.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…The finding also showed the overall percentage of child outpatients prescribed antibiotics was 43.8%, which was moderate compared with some existing studies. It was reported to be 58.7% in Korea, 68.1% in India, 66.4% in Japan, 18.9% in Germany, and 46%-48% in the United States [26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of prescriptions and costs for acute upper respiratory tract infections in Chinese outpatient pediatric patients: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Antimicrobial agents are among the commonly prescribed medicines for the treatment of paediatric illnesses [1]. The prescribing pattern of antibiotics is complex and influenced by multiple factors other than clinical considerations [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns in Paediatric Patients at Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia

Mudenda¹

2020

Int J Pharm Pharmacol

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The use of antimicrobial agents has become a routine practice for the treatment of paediatric illnesses. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics has caused a rise in antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic prescribing patterns in paediatric patients at Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between April 2019 to July 2019. The study population included both in-patients and outpatients aged between one month and eighteen years whose medical files were reviewed. A sample size of 357 medical files was conveniently sampled. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 was used for data analysis. A chi-square test was used to assess the association between categorical variables. A p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant at 95% confidence level. The majority of the medical files 230 (64.4%) were for paediatrics in the age group of 1 month to 5 years. Antibiotic prescribing was found to be 78.7%. The study revealed that 119 (33.3%) of patients required antibiotics and were on antibiotic treatment while 46 (12.9%) did not require antibiotics but were on antibiotic treatment. The most common diseases 147 (41.2%) were those affecting the respiratory system. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were penicillins 154 (54.8%), followed by cephalosporins 88 (31.3%). The association between age, white blood cell count status, and system of illness with antibiotic use were statistically significant (χ 2 =15.083, p=0.001; χ 2 = 6.571, p=0.037 and χ 2 =27.717, p<0.0001). The study also found that the frequency of antibiotic use was high among paediatric patients as per the World Health Organization's prescribing indicators. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics to paediatric patients were penicillins.

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“…The most common indication for antibiotic use among the paediatric outpatients was respiratory tract infections (70.3%) which were similar to other studies. (19,21,22) The completeness of antibiotic prescriptions in terms of dose, dosage form, frequency, duration and route of administration in this study was poor (3.4%). More than 90% of the antibiotic prescriptions did not have the route of administration and in about half of the prescription dosage form was not mentioned.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…(19) In other studies conducted in India, Italy and Nepal have reported that frequently used antibiotics were cephalosporins. (17,21,22) In our study 74% of antibiotics were prescribed in paediatric dosage form (syrup/ suspension), which reflects the use of appropriate dosage forms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Prescription of antibiotics among paediatric outpatients at Teaching Hospital-Jaffna

et al. 2019

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Aim of the study was to evaluate prescription of antibiotics among paediatric outpatients at Teaching Hospital-Jaffna. It was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out among the paediatric outpatients in July and August 2014. A data extraction form was developed based on WHO data collection forms and was used to collect the data. Nine drug use indicators which include modified core and complementary WHO drug use indicators and indicators developed by the investigators were used to evaluate antibiotic prescription. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Out of 1181 prescriptions of paediatric outpatients, 825 (69.9%) had antibiotics. Average number of antibiotics per prescription was 0.7. Percentage of antibiotics prescribed by generic name, from essential medicine list and for common conditions were 97%, 100% and 91.4% respectively. Percentage of prescriptions with the documentation of reason for prescribing an antibiotic was 97%. Only 3.4% antibiotic prescriptions were complete. Percentage of drug cost spent on antibiotics was 33.2% and average antibiotic cost per encounter was 54.34 Sri Lankan rupees. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic group was penicillins (53.3%). The most common indication for antibiotics was respiratory tract infection (70.3%). Majority of the antibiotics (74%) were prescribed in paediatric dosage form. Good prescribing practice was observed for prescribing in generic name, prescribing the antibiotic from essential medicines list, prescribing for common conditions, documentation of reason for prescribing and prescription of paediatric dosage forms. The completeness of antibiotic prescriptions was poor and needs special attention to improve. The drug use indicators are useful tools to evaluate the antibiotic prescriptions in a setting as well as among different settings.

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Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern in Paediatrics Outpatient in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Characteristics of prescriptions and costs for acute upper respiratory tract infections in Chinese outpatient pediatric patients: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Characteristics of prescriptions and costs for acute upper respiratory tract infections in Chinese outpatient pediatric patients: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns in Paediatric Patients at Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia

Prescription of antibiotics among paediatric outpatients at Teaching Hospital-Jaffna

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