Antibiotic regimens in severe and acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

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Cefuroxime and ampicillin were compared in a randomized double-blind trial in the treatment of severe lower respiratory tract infections. 750 mg of cefuroxime were given to 57 patients and 500 mg of ampicillin to 54 patients by intramuscular injection three times daily for 7–10 days. The patients had acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with or without pneumonia, a few had bronchiectasis and an underlying bronchial carcinoma was present in nearly a quarter. By the end of treatment the sputum, initially always mucopurulent, had become mucoid in 87.7% of patients receiving cefuroxime in comparison to 48.1% of those receiving ampicillin. A satisfactory clinical response was observed in 94.7 and 68.5%, respectively. Both these differences between cefuroxime and ampicillin are statistically significant (p < 0.001).

“…The clinical response to ampicillin was similar to that obtained in our first study over a decade ago [Pines et al, 1968] and the sputum clearance of pus (48%) was almost identi cal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Cefuroxime and Ampicillin Compared in a Double-Blind Study in the Treatment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Pines¹,

Raafat²,

Khorasani³

et al. 1981

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“…Using a dose of ampicillin four times as high as ours P ines et al [17] found that 54% of patients with febrile bronchitis became non-febrile within one week. C ocke and L aurenzi [4], who used an even higher dose of ampicillin, found 88% to be non-febrile after one week's treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Treatment with Pivampicillin Chloride in Respiratory and Urinary Tract Infections

Danö¹,

Hansen²

1973

Pivampicillin chloride is the hydrochloride of the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin which is hydrolyzed in the body releasing ampicillin. Following oral administration it yields ampicillin concentrations in the blood equivalent to those obtained by parenteral administration of ordinary ampicillin in equivalent doses. The authors report their experience of treating 87 patients with pneumonia, 82 patients with bronchitis, and 46 patients with urinary tract infection. Of the patients with pneumonia, febrile bronchitis and urinary tract infection, 69, 79, and 73% respectively were rendered afebrile and symptom-free in less than 6 days. After the treatment ampicillinsensitive bacteria were demonstrable in only 4 of the 55 patients in whom pre-treatment bacteriological study had revealed fully sensitive bacteria. The side effects were predominantly mild gastrointestinal complaints. These side effects appeared to be less common when the drug was given in relation to meals. Skin rash was observed with the same frequency as has been reported with ampicillin.

“…The results obtained with 4 g daily of ce famandole are certainly much better than those we obtained with high doses of ampicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole or chlor amphenicol [Pines et al, 1968[Pines et al, , 1972a. Though cefazolin is less effective in vitro against H. influenzae and is easily destroyed by /9-lactamases [Richmond, 1978] the re sults with 3 g a day of this cephalosporin seem as good as with 3 g a day of cefaman dole [Pines et al, 1977], Though 4 g a day of cefamandole was much superior, it is possible that 4g a day of cefazolin might also be more effective: we have no data on this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Cefamandole in the Treatment of Purulent Respiratory Infections

Pines¹,

Ma²,

Khorasani³

et al. 1981

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