Antibiotic removal from wastewaters: The ozonation of amoxicillin

Treatment options for wastewater effluents from pharmaceutical companies

“…A kinetic study of the effect of such an ozone attack on the antibiotic amoxicillin showed direct attack on the phenolic ring leading to the formation of hydroxyl derivative intermediates, with no evidence of oxidation of the sulphur atom (Andreozzi et al, 2005). Another kinetic analysis of the effect of 5-10 mg O 3 /L on four beta blockers, (acebutolol, atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol) from reverse osmosis permeate also showed that ozone can attack aromatic rings and amine groups (Benner et al, 2008).…”

“…Its application for the treatment of waters containing pharmaceutical residues is now a broad area of research (Balcioglu and Okter, 2003;Ternes et al, 2003;Andreozzi et al, 2005;Huber et al, 2005;Andreozzi et al, 2006;Nakada et al, 2007;Dantes et al, 2008). The main mode of action in the ozonation process is the formation of OH -radicals due to ozone decay in the water, but there are also ozone molecules present for chemical attack.…”

“…The use of ozone as a means of breaking down pharmaceuticals in water has been the subject of numerous studies over the last ten years including (Andreozzi et al, 2003a;b;Vogna et al, 2004a;b). A significant contribution to this work has been in the area of antibiotic removal (Balcioglu and Okter, 2003;Ternes et al, 2003;Andreozzi et al, 2005;Andreozzi et al, 2006;Dantes et al, 2008), where removal rates >90 % have been reported. However, the reported removal rate for lipid regulators is less at about 50 % and about 60-80 % for β-blockers and below 50 % for some Antiphlogistics .…”

“…However, biological methods have shown to be insufficient for the removal of all potentially hazardous constituents of the wastewater (Clara et al, 2005;Joss et al, 2005;Suman Raj and Anjaneyulu, 2005;Giri et al, 2008;. Recently, Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology, ozonation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have shown varying degrees of efficiency for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewaters (Andreozzi et al, 2005;Frimmel, 2005a, Perez-Estrada et al, 2005a;Andreozzi et al, 2006;Helmig et al, 2007). As the awareness of the inefficiencies of the individual treatment technologies for the removal of hazardous substances in pharmaceutical wastewater is increasing, the integration and combination of treatment technologies may provide a more effective, albeit expensive solution in the future.…”

Degradação de fármacos residuais por processos oxidativos avançados

“…50,54 As desvantagens da ozonização estão relacionadas ao custo de produção do O 3 , a limitações por transferência de massa do O 3 gasoso à fase aquosa e à formação de bromatos. 54 A degradação de amoxicilina, 60 bezafibrato, 61 diclofenaco, 62 ibuprofeno 62,63 e paracetamol 58 em concentrações entre 1,51 a 365 mg L -1 foi estudada empregando o processo de ozonização. A ozonização direta mostrou-se eficiente na oxidação dos fármacos (>90%), com exceção de ibuprofeno cuja degradação só foi possível pela combinação de O 3 com H 2 O 2 , atingindo 90% de oxidação após 10 min de reação.…”