Antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens in Central Africa: a review of the published literature between 1955 and 2008

Vlieghe, Erika; Phoba, Marie-France; Tamfun, J.J. Muyembe; Jacobs, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.04.015

Cited by 74 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…1). This result confirms that central African regions share the worldwide trend in increasing antimicrobial resistance (41), and it suggests that human populations are the main reservoir for antibiotic-resistant strains in the study area. Resistance was observed particularly for antibiotics commonly used in Lopé, such as ampicillin and tetracycline ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

No Evidence for Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Humans to Wild Western Lowland Gorillas in Lopé National Park, Gabon

Benavides

Godreuil

Bodenham

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTThe intensification of human activities within the habitats of wild animals is increasing the risk of interspecies disease transmission. This risk is particularly important for great apes, given their close phylogenetic relationship with humans. Areas of high human density or intense research and ecotourism activities expose apes to a high risk of disease spillover from humans. Is this risk lower in areas of low human density? We determined the prevalence ofEscherichia coliantibiotic-resistant isolates in a population of the critically endangered western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and other wild mammals in Lopé National Park (LNP), Gabon, and we tested whether the observed pattern could be explained by bacterial transmission from humans and domestic animals into wildlife populations. Our results show a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates in humans and low levels in gorillas and other wildlife. The significant differences in the genetic background of the resistant bacteria isolated from humans and gorillas suggest that transmission is low or does not occur between these two species. These findings indicate that the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains in wildlife do not imply direct bacteria transmission from humans. Thus, in areas of low human density, human-wildlifeE. colitransmission seems to be low. The presence of antibiotic-resistant isolates in gorillas may be better explained by other mechanisms for resistance acquisition, such as horizontal gene exchange among bacteria or naturally acquired resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

No Evidence for Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Humans to Wild Western Lowland Gorillas in Lopé National Park, Gabon

Benavides

Godreuil

Bodenham

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…This was shown among respiratory tract [69,70] and mixed [71] isolates in South America, among mixed [71] and invasive [72,73] isolates in Africa, the Mediterranean region [74] and the Arabian Peninsula [75][76][77]. Notably, trends may differ in distinct parts of the same region: between 2003 and 2005 a more than 50% decrease in the proportion of non-susceptible invasive strains was observed in Egypt, while an increase from 12.8% to 24.3% was experienced during the same time in Turkey.…”

Section: Streptococcus Pneumoniaementioning

confidence: 70%

Update on Antibacterial Resistance in Low-Income Countries: Factors Favoring the Emergence of Resistance

Vilà

Pál

2010

TOIDJ

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Antimicrobial resistance has increased drastically in recent years in the developing countries, and it has rapidly become a leading public health concern. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance varies greatly between and within countries and between different pathogens. However, overall a trend to the increase of the resistance to those antimicrobial agents more often used in these countries has been observed. Several factors can contribute to the rapid emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. In this paper, the current antimicrobial resistance in different microorganisms from different countries as well as the factors contributing to the emergence and spread of resistance in developing countries will be reviewed.

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“…Of special concern were MDR in Shigella and Salmonella spp. as well as the emergence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), high-level penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL) among Gram-negative pathogens [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates from Urine in Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Gk¹,

Zt²,

Ak³

2017

J Antimicrob Agents

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Objective: This study aimed to determine the isolates from urine cultures at patients suspected with urinary tract infection and their in-vitro susceptibility pattern to antimicrobials at the Central Laboratory of Research of the "Université Catholique du Graben" (UCG) in ButemboMethodology: This was a cross-sectional study adopting a descriptive approach, conducted from January, 2015 to December, 2016. Six hundred and seventeen patients were screened. Freshly voided mid-stream urine sample were taken according to standard method. Isolation of the microbial agents of urinary tract infections was done on blood agar and MacConkey agar media. The culture was repeated in contrast with significant bacteria and urinalysis if the isolate at the first culture is known non-pathogenic. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by using disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer's) technique.Results: Out of the 617 patients screened, the culture was positive in 77.3% (477 cases). The most isolated bacteria from urine culture were Staphylococcus aureus (47%), Streptococcus spp (12%), Escherischia coli (10.9%), Moraxella spp (7.5%) and Bacillus spp (2.3%). Antibiotics which were sensible to three or more isolates were ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime and vancomycin. It was also observed that all the bacterial species have a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index greater than 0.2. Conclusion:Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates implicated in urinary tract infections is needed seeing the high Multiple Antibiotics Resistance Indices of all samples isolates. And this should be prior to antibiotic prescription in order to ensure an optimal, desired and cost-effectiveness treatment. For empiric treatment of urinary tract infections in Butembo, we suggested ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime and cefotaxime as the first line antibiotics of choice.

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Antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens in Central Africa: a review of the published literature between 1955 and 2008

Cited by 74 publications

References 51 publications

No Evidence for Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Humans to Wild Western Lowland Gorillas in Lopé National Park, Gabon

No Evidence for Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Humans to Wild Western Lowland Gorillas in Lopé National Park, Gabon

Update on Antibacterial Resistance in Low-Income Countries: Factors Favoring the Emergence of Resistance

In-vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates from Urine in Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

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