Antibiotic resistance among pollution indicator bacteria isolated from Al-Khair river, Baghdad

Al-Ghazali, M.R.; Jazrawi, S.F.; Al-Doori, Zainab

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(88)90066-8

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Beta-lactam resistance rates found in the literature are difficult to analyze, since many coliforms are intrinsically resistant to these drugs. However, Al-Jebouri (3) and Al-Ghazali et al (2) found that 45 and 90% of E. coli strains were resistant to ampicillin, respectively, which are higher rates than those found here. Beta-lactams, co-trimoxazole, and tetracyclines are widely used in human and veterinary practices.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…An increase of resistances was also observed in strains isolated from rivers receiving urban discharge (9) or hospital and pharmaceutical plant wastewaters (21). Tetracycline resistance rates similar to or higher than those found in this study have been reported (2,3,21,28,34). Beta-lactam resistance rates found in the literature are difficult to analyze, since many coliforms are intrinsically resistant to these drugs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…R, resistant. resistance was less than 25% among environmental isolates (2,11,21,28,32) and less than 5% for clinical Aeromonas isolates (29). Quinolones (with co-trimoxazole) have even been recommended as the first choice for treatment of infections caused by Aeromonas (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (2,3,9,34) and antibiotics (22) are discharged in various amounts in the environment as a result of the increasing and often indiscriminate use of antibiotics in medical, veterinary, and agricultural practices. River waters are the main receptacle for these polluants, since they receive the sewage of urban effluents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of an Urban Effluent on Antibiotic Resistance of Riverine Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas spp

Goñi-Urriza

Capdepuy

Arpin

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

334

157

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In order to evaluate the impact of an urban effluent on antibiotic resistance of freshwater bacterial populations, water samples were collected from the Arga river (Spain), upstream and downstream from the wastewater discharge of the city of Pamplona. Strains of Enterobacteriaceae (representative of the human and animal commensal flora) (110 isolates) and Aeromonas (typically waterborne bacteria) (118 isolates) were selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Most of the Aeromonas strains (72%) and many of the Enterobacteriaceae (20%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Singly nalidixic acid-resistant strains were frequent regardless of the sampling site for Aeromonas, whereas they were more common upstream from the discharge for enterobacteria. The most common resistances to antibiotics other than quinolones were to tetracycline (24.3%) and beta-lactams (20.5%) for Enterobacteriaceae and to tetracycline (27.5%) and co-trimoxazole (26.6%) for Aeromonas. The rates of these antibiotic resistances increased downstream from the discharge at similar degrees for the two bacterial groups; it remained at high levels for enterobacteria but decreased along the 30-km study zone for Aeromonas. Genetic analysis of representative strains demonstrated that these resistances were mostly (enterobacteria) or exclusively (Aeromonas) chromosomally mediated. Moreover, a reference strain of Aeromonas caviae (CIP 7616) could not be transformed with conjugative R plasmids of enterobacteria. Thus, the urban effluent resulted in an increase of the rates of resistance to antibiotics other than quinolones in the riverine bacterial populations, despite limited genetic exchanges between enterobacteria and Aeromonas. Quinolone resistance probably was selected by heavy antibiotic discharges of unknown origin upstream from the urban effluent.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of an Urban Effluent on Antibiotic Resistance of Riverine Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas spp

Goñi-Urriza

Capdepuy

Arpin

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

334

157

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“…Microbiol., 57 (2), 281-288 (2007) Most investigations on antibiotic resistance in aquatic habitat have concerned bacteria of faecal origin because they are used as pollution indicators or may be associated with infectious diseases (Jones et al, 1986). Antibioticresistant bacteria (Al-Ghazali et al, 1988;Pathak et al, 1993) and antibiotics (Halling-Sørensen et al, 1998) are discharged in various amounts into the environment as a result of indiscriminative use of antibiotics in medical, veterinary, and agricultural practices. River waters are the main receptacle for these pollutants because they receive the sewage of urban effluents resulted from human activities.…”

Section: Amp R Escherichia Coli Isolates and Antibiotic Resistance Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of antibiotic resistance profile and TEM-type β-lactamase gene carriage of ampicillin-resistantEscherichia coli strains isolated from drinking water

et al. 2007

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Fifty-five ampicillin-resistant (Amp r ) Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 51 drinking water points in Rize region containing abundant fresh water sources in Turkey during the years 2000 to 2002 and from January to February 2004. The large number of organisms (nearly 57%) exhibited resistance to three or more antibiotics commonly used in human and veterinary medicine. These strains displayed a multiresistant phenotype. Nearly half of the strains (27%) expressed resistance to ceftazidime, but these strains were not an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producer according to the results of double-disk synergy test. All isolates were then screened for the carriage of TEM-type β-lactamase gene (bla TEM ) by polymerase chain reaction. TEM-type β-lactamase genes were found in six (11%) isolates. Sequence analysis showed TEM-1 type genes. However, isoelectric focusing analysis did not confirm the production of TEM-1 type β-lactamase except for one strain. Conjugation experiments showed that resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was transferable in six (11%) isolates. Emergence of transferable antibiotic resistance and bla TEM-1 gene in E. coli strains from public drinking waters possesses a significant public health risk.

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Antibiotic resistant sulphite-reducing clostridia in soil and groundwater as indicator of manuring practices

Huysman

Renterghem

Verstraete

1993

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Antibiotic resistance among pollution indicator bacteria isolated from Al-Khair river, Baghdad

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Impact of an Urban Effluent on Antibiotic Resistance of Riverine Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas spp

Impact of an Urban Effluent on Antibiotic Resistance of Riverine Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas spp

Investigation of antibiotic resistance profile and TEM-type β-lactamase gene carriage of ampicillin-resistantEscherichia coli strains isolated from drinking water

Antibiotic resistant sulphite-reducing clostridia in soil and groundwater as indicator of manuring practices

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