Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in coliform water isolates

Abstract

Please cite this article as: Stange, C., Sidhu, J.P.S., Tiehm, A., Toze, S., Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in coliform water isolates.International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in coliform water isolates Graphical abstract2 ABSTRACTWidespread fecal pollution of surface water may present a major health risk and a significant pathway for dissemination of antibiotic resistance bacteria. The River Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe and an important raw water source for drinking water production. A total of 100 coliform isolates obtained from River Rhine (Germany) were examined for their susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents. Resistances against amoxicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline were detected in 48 %, 11 % and 9 % of isolates respectively. The antibiotic resistance could be traced back to the resistance genes blaTEM, blaSHV, ampC, sul1, sul2, dfrA1, tet(A) and tet (B). Whereby, the ampC gene represents a special case, because its presence is not inevitably linked to a phenotypic antibiotic resistance. Multiple antibiotics resistance was often accompanied by the occurrence of class 1 or 2 integrons. E. coli isolates belonging to phylogenetic groups A and B1(commensal) were more predominant (57 %) compared to B2 and D groups (43 %) which are known to carry virulent genes. Additionally, six E. coli virulence genes were also detected. However, the prevalence of virulence genes in the E. coli isolates was low (not exceeding 4.3 % per gene) and no diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes were detected. This study demonstrates that surface water is an important reservoir of ARGs for a number of antibiotic classes such as sulfonamide, trimethoprim, betalactam-antibiotics and tetracycline. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance in coliform bacteria isolated from River Rhine provides evidence for the need to develop management strategies to limit the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria in aquatic environment.

A survey of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the Chesapeake Bay and adjacent upper tributaries

“…Interestingly, these findings are consistent with the findings in one of the earlier studies investigating the water quality and AR in the CB (Morgan et al, ). In recent years, investigations of water quality and specifically the detection of AR in enteric bacteria as well as other bacteria commonly isolated from aquatic environments have been recognized as important components of monitoring AR evolution in the greater context of the One Health Initiative (Allen et al, ; Edge & Hill, ; Hamelin et al, ; Stange, Sidhu, Tiehm, & Toze, ; Wright, ; One Health Initiative, ). One Health has been defined as “the collaborative effort of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally to attain optimal health for people, animals, and the environment” (One Health Initiative, ).…”

Comparison of Microbiomes and Resistomes in Two Karst Groundwater Sites in Chongqing, China

“…There is growing awareness of the antibiotics, ARGs, and its implications for public health during recent decades. However, publications on the ARGs in water environments are limited (Stoll et al 2012;Fernando et al 2016;Molale and Bezuidenhout 2016;Stange et al 2016;Diwan et al 2018;Garner et al 2018;Jiang et al 2018), and current research only includes drinking water, groundwater, surface water, sewage, waste water treatment plant (WWTP), hospital, and animal production waste water (Zhang et al 2009).…”

“…The abundant and universal ARGs in rivers and lakes are related to sulfonamide, tetracycline, Beta-Lactamase, macrolides, quinolone, streptomycin, efflux pumps gene and Class I integrons, vancomycin, ampicillin, florfenicol resistance genes are also appeared (Jiang et al 2013;Basso et al 2014;Stange et al 2016;Suhartono and Savin 2016;Yang et al 2017Yang et al , 2018Zhang et al 2017;Su et al 2018). The ARGs will neutralize the benefit antibiotics once given to human beings (Baker 2015;Hiltunen et al 2017).…”

Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from pig carcasses

“…Since the location of the resistance genes was not investigated, we can only hypothesize the linkage of the aforementioned genes in one gene cassette or mobile element. The aforementioned genes are, in turn, frequently reported and highly prevalent in E. coli isolated from humans and the environment, demonstrating the dissemination of resistance genes and the circulation of resistant strains between the environment and human or animal hosts (Bryan et al 2004, Tadesse et al 2012, Yahiaoui et al 2015, Stange et al 2016.…”

“…An additional concern is the transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes carried by commensal bacteria from the animal host to humans through the food chain or environment (FAO/WHO/OIE 2008). Thus, several resistance genes have been investigated in order to identify common resistance genes in bacteria from animals, food, the environment and humans (Krueger et al 2011, Mendonça et al 2016, Stange et al 2016.…”